@article{fdi:010068882,
  title = {{W}orldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015 : a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants},
  author = {{Z}hou, {B}. and {B}entham, {J}. and {D}i {C}esare, {M}. and {B}ixby, {H}. and {D}anaei, {G}. and {C}owan, {M}. {J}. and {P}aciorek, {C}. {J}. and {S}ingh, {G}. and {H}ajifathalian, {K}. and {B}ennett, {J}. {E}. and {T}addei, {C}. and {B}ilano, {V}. and {C}arrillo-{L}arco, {R}. {M}. and {D}jalalinia, {S}. and {K}hatibzadeh, {S}. and {L}ugero, {C}. and {P}eykari, {N}. and {Z}hang, {W}. {Z}. and {L}u, {Y}. and {S}tevens, {G}. {A}. and {R}iley, {L}. {M}. and {B}ovet, {P}. and {E}lliott, {P}. and {G}u, {D}. {F}. and {I}keda, {N}. and {J}ackson, {R}. {T}. and {J}offres, {M}. and {K}engne, {A}. {P}. and {L}aatikainen, {T}. and {L}am, {T}. {H}. and {L}axmaiah, {A}. and {L}iu, {J}. and {M}iranda, {J}. {J}. and {M}ondo, {C}. {K}. and {N}euhauser, {H}. {K}. and {S}undstrom, {J}. and {S}meeth, {L}. and {S}oric, {M}. and {W}oodward, {M}. and {E}zzati, {M}. and {T}raissac, {P}ierre and et al.,},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground : {R}aised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. {W}e estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm {H}g or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm {H}g or higher.  {M}ethods : {F}or this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. {W}e used a {B}ayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. {W}e calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. {F}indings {W}e pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19.1 million adults. {G}lobal age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127.0 mm {H}g (95% credible interval 125.7-128.3) in men and 122.3 mm {H}g (121.0-123.6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78.7 mm {H}g (77.9-79.5) for men and 76.7 mm {H}g (75.9-77.6) for women. {G}lobal age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24.1% (21.4-27.1) in men and 20.1% (17.8-22.5) in women in 2015. {M}ean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and {A}sia {P}acific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. {M}ean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern {E}urope, {L}atin {A}merica and the {C}aribbean, and, more recently, central {A}sia, {M}iddle {E}ast, and north {A}frica, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. {B}y contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast {A}sia, south {A}sia, {O}ceania, and sub-{S}aharan {A}frica. {I}n 2015, central and eastern {E}urope, sub-{S}aharan {A}frica, and south {A}sia had the highest blood pressure levels. {P}revalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. {T}he number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1.13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. {T}he global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence. {I}nterpretation {D}uring the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south {A}sia and sub-{S}aharan {A}frica due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern {E}urope.},
  keywords = {{MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{L}ancet},
  volume = {389},
  numero = {10064},
  pages = {37--55},
  ISSN = {0140-6736},
  year = {2017},
  DOI = {10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31919-5},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010068882},
}