@article{fdi:010068854,
  title = {{I}nhaled nitric oxide as an adjunctive treatment for cerebral malaria in children : a phase {II} randomized open-label clinical trial},
  author = {{M}wanga-{A}mumpaire, {J}. and {C}arroll, {R}. {W}. and {B}audin, {E}. and {K}emigisha, {E}. and {N}ampijja, {D}. and {M}worozi, {K}. and {S}antorino, {D}. and {N}yehangane, {D}. and {N}athan, {D}. {I}. and {B}eaudrap de, {P}ierre and {E}tard, {J}ean-{F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {F}eelisch, {M}. and {F}ernandez, {B}. {O}. and {B}erssenbrugge, {A}. and {B}angsberg, {D}. and {B}loch, {K}. {D}. and {B}oum, {Y}. and {Z}apol, {W}. {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground. {C}hildren with cerebral malaria ({CM}) have high rates of mortality and neurologic sequelae. {N}itric oxide ({NO}) metabolite levels in plasma and urine are reduced in {CM}. {M}ethods. {T}his randomized trial assessed the efficacy of inhaled {NO} versus nitrogen ({N}-2) as an adjunctive treatment for {CM} patients receiving intravenous artesunate. {W}e hypothesized that patients treated with {NO} would have a greater increase of the malaria biomarker, plasma angiopoietin-1 ({A}ng-1) after 48 hours of treatment. {R}esults. {N}inety-two children with {CM} were randomized to receive either inhaled 80 part per million {NO} or {N}-2 for 48 or more hours. {P}lasma {A}ng-1 levels increased in both treatment groups, but there was no difference between the groups at 48 hours ({P} = not significant [{NS}]). {P}lasma {A}ng-2 and cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-., interleukin [{IL}]-1 beta, {IL}-6, {IL}-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) decreased between inclusion and 48 hours in both treatment groups, but there was no difference between the groups ({P} = {NS}). {N}itric oxide metabolite levels-blood methemoglobin and plasma nitrate-increased in patients treated with {NO} (both {P}<.05). {S}even patients in the {N}-2 group and 4 patients in the {NO} group died. {F}ive patients in the {N}-2 group and 6 in the {NO} group had neurological sequelae at hospital discharge. {C}onclusions. {B}reathing {NO} as an adjunctive treatment for {CM} for a minimum of 48 hours was safe, increased blood methemoglobin and plasma nitrate levels, but did not result in a greater increase of plasma {A}ng-1 levels at 48 hours.},
  keywords = {cerebral malaria ; methemoglobin ; nitric oxide ; {P}lasmodium falciparum ; {OUGANDA}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{O}pen {F}orum {I}nfectious {D}iseases},
  volume = {2},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {[9 p.]},
  ISSN = {2328-8957},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1093/ofid/ofv111},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010068854},
}