@article{fdi:010068752,
  title = {{G}ender inequalities in excess adiposity and anaemia combine in a large double burden of malnutrition gap detrimental to women in an urban area in {N}orth {A}frica},
  author = {{T}raissac, {P}ierre and {E}l {A}ti, {J}. and {G}artner, {A}gn{\`e}s and {B}en {G}harbia, {H}. and {D}elpeuch, {F}rancis},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{O}bjective: {T}he nutrition transition has exacerbated the gender gap in health in the {M}iddle {E}ast and {N}orth {A}frica region as the increase in excess adiposity has been much higher among women than men. {T}his is not exclusive of the persistence of anaemia, generally also more prevalent among women. {W}e assessed the magnitude and sociodemographic factors associated with gender inequality vis-a-vis the double burden of excess adiposity and anaemia. {D}esign: {C}ross-sectional study, stratified two-stage cluster sample. {BMI} (= weight/height(2)) >= 25.0 kg/m(2) defined overweight and {BMI} >= 30.0 kg/m(2) obesity. {A}naemia was defined as {H}b < 120 g/l for women, < 130 g/l for men. {G}ender inequalities vis-a-vis the within-subject coexistence of excess adiposity and anaemia were assessed by women v. men relative prevalence ratios ({RPR}). {T}heir variation with sociodemographic characteristics used models including gender x covariate interactions. {S}etting: {G}reater {T}unis area in 2009-2010. {S}ubjects: {A}dults aged 20-49 years (women, n 1689; men, n 930). {R}esults: {G}ender inequalities in excess adiposity were high (e.g. overweight: women 64.9% v. men 48.4%; {RPR} = 2.1; 95% {CI} 1.6, 2.7) and much higher for anaemia (women 38.0% v. men 7.2%; {RPR} = 8.2; 95% {CI} 5.5, 12.4). {T}hey were striking for overweight and anaemia (women 24.1% v. men 3.4%; {RPR} = 16.2; 95% {CI} 10.3, 25.4). {G}ender inequalities in overweight adjusted for covariates increased with age but decreased with professional activity and household wealth score; gender inequality in anaemia or overweight and anaemia was more uniformly distributed. {C}onclusions: {W}omen were much more at risk than men, from both over-and undernutrition perspectives. {B}oth the underlying gender-related and sex-linked biological determinants of this remarkable double burden of malnutrition inequality must be addressed to promote gender equity in health.},
  keywords = {{O}verweight ; {A}naemia ; {G}ender ; {D}ouble burden of malnutrition ; {M}iddle {E}ast and {N}orth {A}frica ; {TUNISIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}ublic {H}ealth {N}utrition},
  volume = {19},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {1428--1437},
  ISSN = {1368-9800},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1017/s1368980016000689},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010068752},
}