@article{fdi:010068692,
  title = {{H}uman leukocyte antigen-{G} : a promising prognostic marker of disease progression to improve the control of human {A}frican trypanosomiasis},
  author = {{G}ineau, {L}aure and {C}ourtin, {D}avid and {C}amara, {M}. and {I}lboudo, {H}. and {J}amonneau, {V}incent and {D}ias, {F}. {C}. and {T}okplonou, {L}. and {M}ilet, {J}acqueline and {M}endona, {P}. {B}. and {C}astelli, {E}. {C}. and {C}amara, {O}. and {F}avier, {B}. and {R}ouas-{F}reiss, {N}. and {M}oreau, {P}. and {D}onadi, {E}. {A}. and {B}ucheton, {B}runo and {S}abbagh, {A}. and {G}arcia, {A}ndr{\'e}},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground. {H}uman {A}frican trypanosomiasis ({HAT}) caused by {T}rypanosoma brucei gambiense can be diagnosed in the early hemolymphatic stage (stage 1 [{S}1]) or meningoencephalitic stage (stage 2 [{S}2]). {I}mportantly, individuals harbouring high and specific antibody responses to {T}bg antigens but negative parasitology are also diagnosed in the field (seropositive [{SERO}]). {W}hereas some develop the disease in the months following their initial diagnosis ({SERO}/{HAT}), others remain parasitologically negative for long periods ({SERO}) and are apparently able to control infection. {H}uman leucocyte antigen ({HLA})-{G}, an immunosuppressive molecule, could play a critical role in this variability of progression between infection and disease. {M}ethods. {S}oluble {HLA}-{G} (s{HLA}-{G}) was measured in plasma for patients in the {SERO} (n = 65), {SERO}/{HAT} (n = 14), or {HAT} (n = 268) group and in cerebrospinal fluid for patients in {S}1 (n = 55), early {S}2 (n = 93), or late {S}2 (n = 110). {A}ssociations between these different statuses and the soluble level or genetic polymorphisms of {HLA}-{G} were explored. {R}esults. {P}lasma s{HLA}-{G} levels were significantly higher in {HAT} ({P} = 6 x 10(-7)) and {SERO}/{HAT} ({P} = .007) than {SERO} patients. {N}o difference was observed between the {SERO}/{HAT} and {HAT} groups. {W}ithin the {HAT} group, specific haplotypes ({HG}010102 and {HG}0103) displayed increased frequencies in {S}1 ({P} = .013) and late {S}2 ({P} = .036), respectively. {C}onclusions. {T}hese results strongly suggest the involvement of {HLA}-{G} in {HAT} disease progression. {I}mportantly, high plasma s{HLA}-{G} levels in {SERO} patients could be predictive of subsequent disease development and could represent a serological marker to help guide therapeutic decision making. {F}urther studies are necessary to assess the predictive nature of {HLA}-{G} and to estimate both sensitivity and specificity.},
  keywords = {{HLA}-{G} ; human {A}frican trypanosomiasis ; {T}rypanosoma brucei gambiense ; susceptibility ; genetic association ; {GUINEE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}linical {I}nfectious {D}iseases},
  volume = {63},
  numero = {9},
  pages = {1189--1197},
  ISSN = {1058-4838},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1093/cid/ciw505},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010068692},
}