@article{fdi:010068677,
  title = {{E}ffectiveness of demand generation interventions on use of modern contraceptives in low- and middle-income countries},
  author = {{B}elaid, {L}. and {D}umont, {A}lexandre and {C}haillet, {N}. and {Z}ertal, {A}. and {D}e {B}rouwere, {V}incent and {H}ounton, {S}. and {R}idde, {V}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{OBJECTIVES} {T}o synthesise evidence on the implementation, costs and cost-effectiveness of demand generation interventions and their effectiveness in improving uptake of modern contraception methods. {METHODS} {A} {C}ochrane systematic review was conducted. {S}earches were performed in electronic databases ({MEDLINE}, {EMBASE}) and the grey literature. {R}andomised controlled trials, cluster randomised trials and quasi-experimental studies, including controlled before-after studies ({CBA}s) and cost and cost-effectiveness studies that aimed to assess demand interventions (including community-and facility-based interventions, financial mechanisms and mass media campaigns) in low-and middle-income countries were considered. {M}eta-analyses and narrative synthesis were conducted. {RESULTS} {I}n total, 20 papers meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this review. {O}f those, 13 were used for meta-analysis. {F}ew data were available on implementation and on the influence of context on demand interventions. {I}nvolving family members during counselling, providing education activities and increasing exposure to those activities could enhance the success of demand interventions. {D}emand generation interventions were positively associated with increases in current use (pooled {OR} 1.57; 95% {CI}: 1.46-1.69, {P} < 0.01). {F}inancial mechanism interventions (vouchers) appeared effective to increase use of modern contraceptive methods (pooled {OR} 2.16; 95% {CI}: 1.91-2.45, {P} < 0.01; {I}-2 = 0%). {D}emand interventions improved knowledge (pooled {OR} 1.02; 95% {CI} 0.63-1.64, {P} = 0.93) and attitudes towards family planning and improved discussion with partners/husbands around modern contraceptive methods. {H}owever, given the limited number of studies included in each category of demand generation interventions, the dates of publication of the studies and their low quality, caution is advised in considering the results. {V}ery limited evidence was available on costs; studies including data on costs were old and inconsistent. {CONCLUSION} {D}emand generation interventions contribute to increases in modern contraceptive methods use. {H}owever, more studies with robust designs are needed to identify the most effective demand generation intervention to increase uptake of modern contraceptive methods. {M}ore evidence is also needed about implementation, costs and cost-effectiveness to inform decisions on sustainability and scaling-up.},
  keywords = {{S}ystematic review ; low- and middle-income countries ; family planning ; demand intervention ; effectiveness costs ; contraception ; {PAYS} {EN} {DEVELOPPEMENT}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{T}ropical {M}edicine and {I}nternational {H}ealth},
  volume = {21},
  numero = {10},
  pages = {1240--1254},
  ISSN = {1360-2276},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1111/tmi.12758},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010068677},
}