@article{fdi:010068310,
  title = {{S}ustaining persistent lava lakes : observations from high-resolution gas measurements at {V}illarrica volcano, {C}hile},
  author = {{M}oussallam, {Y}. and {B}ani, {P}hilipson and {C}urtis, {A}. and {B}arnie, {T}. and {M}oussallam, {M}. and {P}eters, {N}. and {S}chipper, {C}. {I}. and {A}iuppa, {A}. and {G}iudice, {G}. and {A}migo, {A}. and {V}elasquez, {G}. and {C}ardona, {C}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}ctive lava lakes - as the exposed upper part of magmatic columns - are prime locations to investigate the conduit flow processes operating at active, degassing volcanoes. {P}ersistent lava lakes require a constant influx of heat to sustain a molten state at the {E}arth's surface. {S}everal mechanisms have been proposed to explain how such heat transfer can operate efficiently. {T}hese models make contrasting predictions with respect to the flow dynamics in volcanic conduits and should result in dissimilar volatile emissions at the surface. {H}ere we look at high-frequency {SO}2 fluxes, plume composition, thermal emissions and aerial video footage from the {V}illarrica lava lake in order to determine the mechanism sustaining its activity. {W}e found that while fluctuations are apparent in all datasets, none shows a stable periodic behaviour. {T}hese observations suggest a continuous influx of volatiles and magma to the {V}illarrica lava lake. {W}e suggest that ascending volatile-rich and descending degassed magmas are efficiently mixed within the volcanic conduit, resulting in no clear periodic oscillations in the plume composition and flux. {W}e compare our findings to those of other lava lakes where equivalent gas emission time-series have been acquired, and suggest that gas flux, magma viscosity and conduit geometry are key parameters determining which flow mechanism operates in a given volcanic conduit. {T}he range of conduit flow regimes inferred from the few studied lava lakes gives a glimpse of the potentially wide spectrum of conduit flow dynamics operating at active volcanoes.},
  keywords = {conduit dynamic ; volcanic degassing ; {UV} camera ; {M}ulti-{GAS} ; {UAV} ; {T}rail {B}y ; {F}ire ; {CHILI}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}arth and {P}lanetary {S}cience {L}etters},
  volume = {454},
  numero = {},
  pages = {237--247},
  ISSN = {0012-821{X}},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.012},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010068310},
}