@article{fdi:010068277,
  title = {{M}ultigenomic delineation of {P}lasmodium species of the {L}averania subgenus infecting wild-living chimpanzees and gorillas},
  author = {{L}iu, {W}. {M}. and {S}undararaman, {S}. {A}. and {L}oy, {D}. {E}. and {L}earn, {G}. {H}. and {L}i, {Y}. {Y}. and {P}lenderleith, {L}. {J}. and {N}django, {J}. {B}. {N}. and {S}peede, {S}. and {A}tencia, {R}. and {C}ox, {D}. and {S}haw, {G}. {M}. and {A}youba, {A}hidjo and {P}eeters, {M}artine and {R}ayner, {J}. {C}. and {H}ahn, {B}. {H}. and {S}harp, {P}. {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}lasmodium falciparum, the major cause of malaria morbidity and mortality worldwide, is only distantly related to other human malaria parasites and has thus been placed in a separate subgenus, termed {L}averania. {P}arasites morphologically similar to {P}. falciparum have been identified in {A}frican apes, but only one other {L}averania species, {P}lasmodium reichenowi from chimpanzees, has been formally described. {A}lthough recent studies have pointed to the existence of additional {L}averania species, their precise number and host associations remain uncertain, primarily because of limited sampling and a paucity of parasite sequences other than from mitochondrial {DNA}. {T}o address this, we used limiting dilution polymerase chain reaction to amplify additional parasite sequences from a large number of chimpanzee and gorilla blood and fecal samples collected at two sanctuaries and 30 field sites across equatorial {A}frica. {P}hylogenetic analyses of more than 2,000 new sequences derived from the mitochondrial, nuclear, and apicoplast genomes revealed six divergent and well-supported clades within the {L}averania parasite group. {A}lthough two of these clades exhibited deep subdivisions in phylogenies estimated from organelle gene sequences, these sublineages were geographically defined and not present in trees from four unlinked nuclear loci. {T}his greatly expanded sequence data set thus confirms six, and not seven or more, ape {L}averania species, of which {P}. reichenowi, {P}lasmodium gaboni, and {P}lasmodium billcollinsi only infect chimpanzees, whereas {P}lasmodium praefalciparum, {P}lasmodium adleri, and {P}ladmodium blacklocki only infect gorillas. {T}he new sequence data also confirm the {P}. praefalciparum origin of human {P}. falciparum.},
  keywords = {{L}averania ; {P}lasmodium parasites infecting chimpanzees and gorillas ; cryptic {P}lasmodium species ; single genome sequencing ; {P}. falciparum ; {AFRIQUE} {CENTRALE} ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{EST} ; {NIGERIA} ; {CAMEROUN} ; {REPUBLIQUE} {DEMOCRATIQUE} {DU} {CONGO} ; {ZONE} {EQUATORIALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}enome {B}iology and {E}volution},
  volume = {8},
  numero = {6},
  pages = {1929--1939},
  ISSN = {1759-6653},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1093/gbe/evw128},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010068277},
}