@article{fdi:010068198,
  title = {{R}apid evolution of water resources in the {S}enegal delta},
  author = {{N}gom, {F}. {D}. and {T}weed, {S}. and {B}ader, {J}ean-{C}laude and {S}aos, {J}ean-{L}uc and {M}alou, {R}. and {L}educ, {C}hristian and {L}eblanc, {M}arc},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n recent decades major water developments have led to an agricultural transformation of the {S}enegal delta both in {S}enegal and {M}auritania. {T}his otherwise, semi-arid region of the {S}ahel band now has an abundant supply of freshwater all year round mostly used for irrigation and urban water supply, including for the capital cities of the two countries. {A}rchives from the {L}andsat satellites and in-situ hydrographs were used in this paper to retrace and analyse the hydrological changes that have taken place in the region since the middle of the 20th century. {T}he satellite archives indicate that the area covered by irrigation increased by one order of magnitude from 73 km(2) in 1973 to similar to 770 km(2) in 2010. {T}he observed hydrological changes are complex, multi-faceted and often of great magnitude. {I}f the water cycle was representative of natural conditions in the early 1980s, it is now representative of a heavily modified system controlled and impacted by human activities. {T}he first hydraulic infrastructure was installed in 1947 to enable the {L}ake of {G}uiers to become the main water supply for {D}akar. {T}wo large dams were built on the {S}enegal {R}iver in the mid-1980s that modified the hydrological regime of the river by 1) preventing seawater intrusion, 2) raising the stage of the river and-of {L}ake of {G}uiers and 3) moderating floods. {A}nother recent hydrological change in the delta was the opening of river mouth in 2003, which has led to a reduction of the average water level while increasing the semi-diurnal tidal wave between the river mouth and {D}iama. {E}ach phase of these river regime changes and each step of the irrigation expansion are expressed in localised changes in the physical groundwater system. {I}ncreasingly, the retroaction from the shallow aquifer systems is observed as a rise of the saline water table. {T}his poses a threat to the environmental and agricultural value of the region, and the salinization of the soils. {M}itigating actions for this threat are currently being envisaged by the authorities.},
  keywords = {{S}emi-arid ; {W}ater development ; {I}rrigation ; {E}nvironmental change ; {H}ydrological change ; {G}roundwater retroaction ; {SENEGAL} ; {ZONE} {SEMIARIDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}lobal and {P}lanetary {C}hange},
  volume = {144},
  numero = {},
  pages = {34--47},
  ISSN = {0921-8181},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.07.002},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010068198},
}