@article{fdi:010068111,
  title = {{S}atellite and in situ salinity : understanding near-surface stratification and subfootprint variability},
  author = {{B}outin, {J}. and {C}hao, {Y}. and {A}sher, {W}. {E}. and {D}elcroix, {T}hierry and {D}rucker, {R}. and {D}rushka, {K}. and {K}olodziejczyk, {N}. and {L}ee, {T}. and {R}eul, {N}. and {R}everdin, {G}. and {S}chanze, {J}. and {S}oloviev, {A}. and {Y}u, {L}. and {A}nderson, {J}. and {B}rucker, {L}. and {D}innat, {E}. and {S}antos-{G}arcia, {A}. and {J}ones, {W}. {L}. and {M}aes, {C}hristophe and {M}eissner, {T}. and {T}ang, {W}. and {V}inogradova, {N}. and {W}ard, {B}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{R}emote sensing of salinity using satellite-mounted microwave radiometers provides new perspectives for studying ocean dynamics and the global hydrological cycle. {C}alibration and validation of these measurements is challenging because satellite and in situ methods measure salinity differently. {M}icrowave radiometers measure the salinity in the top few centimeters of the ocean, whereas most in situ observations are reported below a depth of a few meters. {A}dditionally, satellites measure salinity as a spatial average over an area of about 100 x 100 km(2). {I}n contrast, in situ sensors provide pointwise measurements at the location of the sensor. {T}hus, the presence of vertical gradients in, and horizontal variability of, sea surface salinity complicates comparison of satellite and in situ measurements. {T}his paper synthesizes present knowledge of the magnitude and the processes that contribute to the formation and evolution of vertical and horizontal variability in near surface salinity. {R}ainfall, freshwater plumes, and evaporation can generate vertical gradients of salinity, and in some cases these gradients can be large enough to affect validation of satellite measurements. {S}imilarly, mesoscale to submesoscale processes can lead to horizontal variability that can also affect comparisons of satellite data to in situ data. {C}omparisons between satellite and in situ salinity measurements must take into account both vertical stratification and horizontal variability.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}ulletin of the {A}merican {M}eteorological {S}ociety},
  volume = {97},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {1391--1407},
  ISSN = {0003-0007},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1175/bams-d-15-00032.1},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010068111},
}