@article{fdi:010067754,
  title = {{H}igh rates of drug resistance among newly diagnosed hiv-infected children in the national prevention of mother-to-child transmission program in {T}ogo},
  author = {{S}alou, {M}. and {B}utel, {C}hristelle and {K}onou, {A}. {A}. and {E}kouevi, {D}. {K}. and {V}idal, {N}icole and {D}ossim, {S}. and {L}awson-{E}vi, {K}. and {N}yasenu, {Y}. {T}. and {S}ingo-{T}okofai, {A}. and d'{A}lmeida, {S}. and {T}chama, {R}. and {D}elaporte, {E}ric and {P}rince-{D}avid, {M}. and {P}eeters, {M}artine and {D}agnra, {A}. {Y}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {P}revention of mother-to-child transmission ({PMTCT}) programs have been largely scaled-up, but data on infant {HIV} drug resistance from {PMTCT} programs implemented in resource-limited countries are lacking. {M}ethods: {R}emnant dried blood spots from {HIV}-infected children (aged <18 months) tested through the {T}ogo national early infant diagnosis program during 2012 and 2013 were collected and assessed for {HIV} drug resistance. {P}ol-{RT} (reverse transcriptase) region was amplified, sequenced and analyzed for the presence of drug resistance mutations ({DRM}s). {R}esults: {O}verall, 121 of 201 (60.2%) newly diagnosed children had detectable {DRM}s. {A}mong the 131 of 201 (65.2%) children with reported exposure to maternal and/or infant antiretrovirals ({ARV}s), {DRM}s were detected in 99 children (75.6%). {I}mportantly, in 41 of 201 children for whom no exposure to {ARV}s was reported, {DRM}s were detected in 11 children (26.8%). {F}or 29 children, no data on {ARV} exposure were available. {F}or the 121 of 201 children with {DRM}s, 99 of 121 (81.8%) had only nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor {DRM}s detected but 21 of 121 (17.3%) had both nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor ({NRTI}) {DRM}s. {A}mong breast-fed children, drug resistance was more frequent when mothers were on antiretroviral therapy ({ART}), 61 of 75 (81.3%) versus 14 of 39 (35.9%) when mothers were not on {ART} ({P} < 0.001). {N}ucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance was more common when mothers were on {ART}. {C}onclusions: {S}cale-up and improvement of {PMTCT} strategies resulted in a global decrease of pediatric {HIV} infections, but our study shows high rates of drug resistance in infants for whom prevention failed.},
  keywords = {newly diagnosed infants ; {HIV} ; drug resistance ; prevention of mother-to-child transmission ; {A}frica ; {TOGO}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}ediatric {I}nfectious {D}isease {J}ournal},
  volume = {35},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {879--885},
  ISSN = {0891-3668},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1097/inf.0000000000001203},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067754},
}