@article{fdi:010067658,
  title = {{D}ynamics of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors in southern {B}enin following a large scale implementation of vector control interventions},
  author = {{Y}ahouedo, {G}. {A}. and {C}orn{\'e}lie, {S}ylvie and {D}jegbe, {I}. and {A}hlonsou, {J}. and {A}boubakar, {S}. and {S}oares, {C}. and {A}kogbeto, {M}. and {C}orbel, {V}incent},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {L}arge-scale implementation of {I}ndoor {R}esidual {S}praying and {I}nsecticide {T}reated {N}ets has been implemented in {P}lateau {D}epartment, {B}enin between 2011 and 2014. {T}he purpose of this study was to monitor the frequency and mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors following the implementation of vector control tools for malaria prevention. {M}ethods: {A}nopheles larvae were collected in 13 villages twice a year from 2012 to 2014. {WHO} tube tests were used to assess the phenotypic resistance of each population to 0.05 % deltamethrin. {S}ibling species within {A}nopheles gambiae complex were identified by {PCR} techniques. {T}aqman and biochemical assays were performed to identify the presence of kdr mutations in individual mosquitoes and to detect any increase in the activity of enzymes putatively involved in insecticide metabolism (oxidases, esterase and glutathione-{S}-transferases). {Q}uantitative real time {PCR} was used to measure the expression of three metabolic genes involved in pyrethroid resistance ({CYP}6{P}3, {CYP}6{M}2 and {GSTD}3). {R}esults: {A}nopheles populations showed < 90 % mortality to deltamethrin in all villages and at all time points. {T}he 1014 {F} kdr allele frequency was close to fixation (> 0.9) over the sampling periods in both {A}n. gambiae and {A}n. coluzzii. {B}iochemical assays showed higher activities of alpha esterase and {GST} in field malaria vector populations compared to susceptible mosquitoes. q{PCR} assays showed a significant increase of {CYP}6{P}3, {CYP}6{M}2 {GSTD}3 expression in {A}n. gambiae after a three-year implementation of {LLIN}s. {C}onclusion: {T}he study confirmed that deltamethrin resistance is widespread in malaria vectors in {S}outhern {B}enin. {W}e suspect that the increase in deltamethrin resistance between 2012 and 2014 resulted from an increased expression of metabolic detoxification genes ({CYP}6{M}2 and {CYP}6{P}3) rather than from kdr mutations. {I}t is urgent to evaluate further the impact of metabolic resistance on the efficacy of vector control interventions using pyrethroid insecticides.},
  keywords = {{M}alaria ; {V}ector control ; {A}nopheles ; {I}nsecticide resistance ; kdr ; {M}etabolic gene ; {BENIN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}arasites and {V}ectors},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. 385 [9 p.]},
  ISSN = {1756-3305},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1186/s13071-016-1661-8},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067658},
}