@article{fdi:010067651,
  title = {{E}valuation of cellular immunological responses in mono- and polymorphic clinical forms of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in {I}ndia},
  author = {{K}aushal, {H}. and {B}ras {G}oncalves, {R}achel and {A}vishek, {K}. and {D}eep, {D}. {K}. and {P}etitdidier, {E}lodie and {L}emesre, {J}ean-{L}oup and {P}apierok, {G}. and {K}umar, {S}. and {R}amesh, {V}. and {S}alotra, {P}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}ost-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis ({PKDL}) is a chronic dermal complication that occurs usually after recovery from visceral leishmaniasis ({VL}). {T}he disease manifests into macular, papular and/or nodular clinical types with mono- or polymorphic presentations. {H}ere, we investigated differences in immunological response between these two distinct clinical forms in {I}ndian {PKDL} patients. {P}eripheral blood mononuclear cells of {PKDL} and naive individuals were exposed in vitro to total soluble {L}eishmania antigen ({TSLA}). {T}he proliferation index was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ({ELISA})-based lymphoproliferative assay. {C}ytokines and granzyme {B} levels were determined by cytometric bead array. {P}arasite load in tissue biopsy samples of {PKDL} was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q{PCR}). {T}he proportion of different lymphoid subsets in peripheral blood and the activated {T} cell population were estimated using flow cytometry. {T}he study demonstrated heightened cellular immune responses in the polymorphic {PKDL} group compared to the naive group. {T}he polymorphic group showed significantly higher lymphoproliferation, increased cytokines and granzyme {B} levels upon {TSLA} stimulation, and a raised proportion of circulating natural killer ({NK}) {T} cells against naive controls. {F}urthermore, the polymorphic group showed a significantly elevated proportion of activated {CD}4(+) and {CD}8(+) {T} cells upon in-vitro {TSLA} stimulation. {T}hus, the polymorphic variants showed pronounced cellular immunity while the monomorphic form demonstrated a comparatively lower cellular response. {A}dditionally, the elevated level of both activated {CD}4(+) and {CD}8(+) {T} cells, coupled with high granzyme {B} secretion upon in-vitro {TSLA} stimulation, indicated the role of cytotoxic cells in resistance to {L}. donovani infection in polymorphic {PKDL}.},
  keywords = {granzyme {B} ; leishmania ; monomorphic ; polymorphic ; post-kala-azar dermal ; leishmaniasis ; {INDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}linical and {E}xperimental {I}mmunology},
  volume = {185},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {50--60},
  ISSN = {0009-9104},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1111/cei.12787},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067651},
}