@article{fdi:010067615,
  title = {{B}iotic nitrosation of diclofenac in a soil aquifer system ({K}atari watershed, {B}olivia)},
  author = {{C}hiron, {S}erge and {D}uwig, {C}{\'e}line},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{U}p till now, the diclofenac ({DCF}) transformation into its nitrogen-derivatives, {N}-nitroso-{DCF} ({NO}-{DCF}) and 5-nitro-{DCF} ({NO}2-{DCF}), has been mainly investigated in waste water treatment plant under nitrification or denitrification processes. {T}his work reports, for the first time, an additional {DCF} microbial mediated nitrosation pathway of {DCF} in soil under strictly anoxic conditions probably involving codenitrification processes and fungal activities. {T}his transformation pathway was investigated by using field observations data at a soil aquifer system ({K}atari watershed, {B}olivia) and by carrying out soil slurry batch experiments. {I}t was also observed for diphenylamine ({DPA}). {F}ield measurements revealed the occurrence of {NO}-{DCF}, {NO}2-{DCF} and {NO}-{DPA} in groundwater samples at concentration levels in the 6-68 s/{L} range. {T}hese concentration levels are more significant than those previously reported in waste water treatment plant effluents taking into account dilution processes in soil. {I}nterestingly, the p-benzoquinone imine of 5-{OH}-{DCF} was also found to be rather stable in surface water. {I}n laboratory batch experiments under strictly anoxic conditions, the transformation of {DCF} and {DPA} into their corresponding {N}-nitroso derivatives was well correlated to denitrification processes. {I}t was also observed that {NO}-{DCF} evolved into {NO}2-{DCF} while {NO}-{DPA} was stable. {I}n vitro experiments showed that the {F}isher-{H}epp rearrangement could not account for {NO}2-{DCF} formation. {O}ne possible mechanism might be that {NO}-{DCF} underwent spontaneous {NO} loss to give the resulting intermediates diphenylaminyl radical or nitrenium cation which might evolve into {NO}2-{DCF} in presence of {NO}2 radical or nitrite ion, respectively.},
  keywords = {{D}iclofenac ; {N}itrosation ; {N}itration ; {C}odenitrification ; {S}oil ; {BOLIVIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{S}cience of the {T}otal {E}nvironment},
  volume = {565},
  numero = {},
  pages = {473--480},
  ISSN = {0048-9697},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.048},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067615},
}