@article{fdi:010067611,
  title = {3-{D} numerical modelling of the influence of pre-existing faults and boundary conditions on the distribution of deformation : example of {N}orth-{W}estern {G}hana},
  author = {{F}eng, {X}iaojun and {A}mponsah, {P}. {O}. and {M}artin, {R}. and {G}anne, {J}{\'e}r{\^o}me and {J}essell, {M}ark},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{H}igh-strain zones bound and separate the high-grade tectono-metamorphic terranes from low-grade greenstone belts in the {N}orth-{W}estern parts of {G}hana. {T}hese belts are bounded by granitoid domains characterized by two main episodic pulses of magmatic intrusive events, which occurred between 2213 {M}a and 2086 {M}a. {H}igh-strain zones are thought to play a significant role in creating fluid pathways, particularly for partially molten material from lower crustal sources to the upper crust. {I}n this study, a three-dimensional thermo-mechanical model has been used to explore the evolution of high-strain zones and relief under compressional and simple shear boundary conditions. {D}ifferent orientations of a system of branched strike-slip faults were tested. {T}he effects of the frictional angle and density contrast on the evolution of relief were also compared in this study. {T}he resulting model indicates domains of tensile vs. compressional strain as well as shear zones. {T}his shows that the internal fault zones as well as the host rock in between the faults behave as relatively weaker domains than the external regions. {U}nder both applied compressive and simple shear boundary conditions, these weakened domains constitute preferential zones of tensile and shear strain accommodations in the upper crust, which may favour infilling by deeper partially molten rocks. {T}his processes is suggested by the authors as the most likely processes to have occurred in pre-existing branched shear zones systems in {N}orth-{W}estern {G}hana during the {E}burnean orogeny (around 2.20-2.10 {G}a). {T}he orientations of faults in these models play an important role in controlling the evolution of relief and localized deformation. {I}n particular, greatest the largest relief is obtained when faults dip parallel to each other and when they are inclined at depth, as they thus facilitate strain rotation and material transfer from depth. {T}he host rock density does not play a primary role in producing relief compared to variations in friction angle at crustal scale of our model. {R}elief increases by 200-300 m when the host rock density is increased by 200 kg/m(3), whereas relief reduces by about 1200 m when decreasing the host rock friction from phi =20 degrees to 10 degrees. {T}his study suggests a model for interpreting the evolution and locus of exhumation of partially molten rocks in {N}orth-{W}estern {G}hana.},
  keywords = {3{D} numerical modelling ; {E}burnean orogeny ; {S}trike-slip faults ; {D}eformation ; {W}est {A}frican {C}raton ; {GHANA}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}recambrian {R}esearch},
  volume = {274},
  numero = {},
  pages = {161--179},
  ISSN = {0301-9268},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.precamres.2015.06.006},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010067611},
}