@article{fdi:010066933,
  title = {{S}tate humanitarian verticalism versus universal health coverage : a century of {F}rench international health assistance revisited},
  author = {{A}tlani-{D}uault, {L}a{\¨e}titia and {D}ozon, {J}ean-{P}ierre and {W}ilson, {A}. and {D}elfraissy, {J}. {F}. and {M}oatti, {J}ean-{P}aul},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {F}rench contribution to global public health over the past two centuries has been marked by a fundamental tension between two approaches: {S}tate-provided universal free health care and what we propose to call {S}tate humanitarian verticalism. {B}oth approaches have historical roots in {F}rench colonialism and have led to successes and failures that continue until the present day. {I}n this paper, the second in {T}he {L}ancet's {S}eries on {F}rance, we look at how this tension has evolved. {D}uring the {F}rench colonial period (1890s to 1950s), the {I}ndigenous {M}edical {A}ssistance structure was supposed to bring metropolitan {F}rance's model of universal and free public health care to the colonies, and {F}rench {S}tate imperial humanitarianism crystallised in vertical programmes inspired by {L}ouis {P}asteur, while vying with early private humanitarian activism in health represented by {A}lbert {S}chweitzer. {F}rom decolonisation to the end of the {C}old {W}ar (1960-99), {F}rench assistance to newly independent states was affected by sans frontierisme, {H}ealth for {A}ll, and the {AIDS} pandemic. {S}ince 2000, {F}rance has had an active role in development of global health initiatives and favoured multilateral action for health assistance. {T}oday, with adoption of the 2030 {S}ustainable {D}evelopment {G}oals and the challenges of non-communicable diseases, economic inequality, and climate change, {F}rench international health assistance needs new direction. {I}n the context of current debate over global health as a universal goal, understanding and acknowledging {F}rance's history could help strengthen advocacy in favour of universal health coverage and contribute to advancing global equity through income redistribution, from healthy populations to people who are sick and from wealthy individuals to those who are poor.},
  keywords = {{FRANCE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{L}ancet},
  volume = {387},
  numero = {10034},
  pages = {2250--2262},
  ISSN = {0140-6736},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00379-2},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066933},
}