@article{fdi:010066887,
  title = {{M}alaria in three epidemiological strata in {M}auritania},
  author = {{M}oukah, {M}. {O}. and {B}a, {O}. and {B}a, {H}. and {K}hairy, {M}. {L}. {O}. and {F}aye, {O}. and {B}ogreau, {H}. and {S}imard, {F}r{\'e}d{\'e}ric and {B}asco, {L}eonardo},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {M}alaria epidemiology in {M}auritania has been characterized on the basis of epidemiological strata, defined by climatic and geographic features, which divide the country into three zones: {S}ahelian zone, {S}ahelo-{S}aharan transition zone, and {S}aharan zone. {T}he association between geographic stratification and malaria transmission was assessed through a series of parasitological and entomological surveys. {M}ethods: {S}urveys were conducted during the 'cool' dry season in 2011, 'hot' dry season in 2012, and rainy season in 2013 in a total of 12 sentinel sites. {F}inger-prick capillary blood samples were collected from children aged 2-9 years old in randomly selected households for microscopic examination and rapid diagnostic test for malaria. {A}dult mosquitoes were sampled by pyrethrum spray catch and {CDC} light traps and identified using morphological keys and molecular tools. {R}esults: {O}f 3445 children included, 143 (4.15 %) were infected with malaria parasites including {P}lasmodium falciparum (n = 71, 2.06 %), {P}lasmodium vivax (57, 1.65 %), {P}. falciparum-{P}. vivax (2, 0.06 %), {P}lasmodium ovale (12, 0.35 %), and {P}lasmodium malariae (1, 0.03 %). {A} large majority of {P}. falciparum infections were observed in the {S}ahelo-{S}aharan zone. {M}alaria prevalence ({P} < 0.01) and parasite density ({P} < 0.001) were higher during the rainy season (2013), compared to cool dry season (2011). {P}lasmodium vivax was mainly observed in the {S}aharan region [43 of 59 (73 %) {P}. vivax infections], mostly in {N}ouakchott districts, with no significant seasonal variation. {O}f 3577 mosquitoes captured, 1014 (28.3 %) belonged to {A}nopheles spp. {A}nopheles gambiae was the predominant species in all three epidemiological strata during the 'cool' dry season in 2011 but was absent in all study sites, except for {T}eyarett district in {N}ouakchott, during the 'hot' dry season in 2012. {D}uring the rainy season in 2013, {A}n. gambiae, {A}nopheles arabiensis, {A}nopheles pharoensis, and {A}nopheles rufipes were abundant in different zones. {C}onclusions: {T}he results of the present study support the stratification of malaria in {M}auritania. {H}owever, the {S}ahelian zone had the lowest malaria prevalence, while the {S}ahelo-{S}aharan zone had the highest malaria burden. {L}ocal changes due to anthropogenic factors (i. e., human migration, urbanization, malaria interventions) should be considered in order to optimize the control strategy.},
  keywords = {{E}pidemiology ; {P}revalence ; {P}lasmodium ; {A}nopheles ; {D}rug resistance ; {M}auritania ; {MAURITANIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}alaria {J}ournal},
  volume = {15},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. 204 [14 p.]},
  ISSN = {1475-2875},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1186/s12936-016-1244-3},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066887},
}