@article{fdi:010066878,
  title = {{I}mpact of violated high-dose refuge assumptions on evolution of {B}t resistance},
  author = {{C}ampagne, {P}ascal and {S}mouse, {P}. {E}. and {P}asquet, {R}{\'e}my and {S}ilvain, {J}ean-{F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {L}e {R}ü, {B}runo and {V}an den {B}erg, {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}ransgenic crops expressing {B}acillus thuringiensis ({B}t) toxins have been widely and successfully deployed for the control of target pests, while allowing a substantial reduction in insecticide use. {T}he evolution of resistance (a heritable decrease in susceptibility to {B}t toxins) can pose a threat to sustained control of target pests, but a high-dose refuge ({HDR}) management strategy has been key to delaying countervailing evolution of {B}t resistance. {T}he {HDR} strategy relies on the mating frequency between susceptible and resistant individuals, so either partial dominance of resistant alleles or nonrandom mating in the pest population itself could elevate the pace of resistance evolution. {U}sing classic {W}right-{F}isher genetic models, we investigated the impact of deviations from standard refuge model assumptions on resistance evolution in the pest populations. {W}e show that when {B}t selection is strong, even deviations from random mating and/or strictly recessive resistance that are below the threshold of detection can yield dramatic increases in the pace of resistance evolution. {R}esistance evolution is hastened whenever the order of magnitude of model violations exceeds the initial frequency of resistant alleles. {W}e also show that the existence of a fitness cost for resistant individuals on the refuge crop cannot easily overcome the effect of violated {HDR} assumptions. {W}e propose a parametrically explicit framework that enables both comparison of various field situations and model inference. {U}sing this model, we propose novel empiric estimators of the pace of resistance evolution (and time to loss of control), whose simple calculation relies on the observed change in resistance allele frequency.},
  keywords = {fitness cost ; high-dose ; incomplete resistance ; insecticide resistance ; nonrandom mating ; partial dominance ; refuge strategy},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}volutionary {A}pplications},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {596--607},
  ISSN = {1752-4571},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1111/eva.12355},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066878},
}