@article{fdi:010066806,
  title = {{T}he intensification of thermal extremes in west {A}frica},
  author = {{R}ingard, {J}. and {D}ieppois, {B}. and {R}ome, {S}. and {D}iedhiou, {A}rona and {P}ellarin, {T}. and {K}onar{\'e}, {A}. and {D}iawara, {A}. and {K}onat{\'e}, {D}. and {D}je, {B}. {K}. and {K}atiellou, {G}. {L}. and {S}anda, {I}. {S}. and {H}assane, {B}. and {V}ischel, {T}. and {G}aruma, {G}. {F}. and {M}engistu, {G}. and {C}amara, {M}. and {D}iongue, {A}. and {G}aye, {A}. {T}. and {D}escroix, {L}uc},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}his study aims in filling the gap in understanding the relationship between trend and extreme in diurnal and nocturnal temperatures ({T}x and {T}n) over the {G}ulf of {G}uinea area and the {S}ahel. {T}ime-evolution and trend of {T}x and {T}n anomalies, extreme temperatures and heat waves are examined using regional and station-based indices over the 1900-2012 and 1950-2012 periods respectively. {I}n investigating extreme temperature anomalies and heat waves, a percentile method is used. {A}t the regional and local scales, rising trends in {T}x and {T}n anomalies, which appear more pronounced over the past 60 years, are identified over the two regions. {T}he trends are characterized by an intensification of: i) nocturnal/{T}n warming over the second half of the 20th century; and ii) diurnal/{T}x warming over the post-1980s. {T}his is the same scheme with extreme warm days and warm nights. {F}inally annual number of diurnal and nocturnal heat waves has increase over the {G}ulf of {G}uinea coastal regions over the second half of the 20th century, and even more substantially over the post-1980s period. {A}lthough this trend in extreme warm days and nights is always overestimated in the simulations, from the {C}oupled {M}odel {I}ntercomparison {P}roject {P}hase 5 ({CMIP}5), those models display rising trends whatever the scenario, which are likely to be more and more pronounced over the two regions in the next 50 years.},
  keywords = {{W}est {A}frica ; {T}rend ; {D}aily temperature anomalies ; {E}xtreme temperature ; {H}eat waves ; {CMIP}5 ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{OUEST} ; {SAHEL} ; {GOLFE} {DE} {GUINEE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}lobal and {P}lanetary {C}hange},
  volume = {139},
  numero = {},
  pages = {66--77},
  ISSN = {0921-8181},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.12.009},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066806},
}