@article{fdi:010066805,
  title = {{A} hundred year record of industrial and urban development in {F}rench {A}lps combining {H}g accumulation rates and isotope composition in sediment archives from {L}ake {L}uitel},
  author = {{G}u{\'e}dron, {S}t{\'e}phane and {A}mouroux, {D}. and {S}abatier, {P}. and {D}esplanquee, {C}. and {D}evelle, {A}. {L}. and {B}arre, {J}. and {F}eng, {C}. {Y}. and {G}uiter, {F}. and {A}rnaud, {F}. and {R}eyss, {J}. {L}. and {C}harlet, {L}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}his study reconstructs the history of multiple industrial and urban mercury ({H}g) emissions recorded in the sediment archive of {L}ake {L}uitel ({F}rance) from {AD} similar to 1860 to {AD} 2011. {F}or this purpose, we provide a well constrained short-lived radionuclides continuous age-depth relationship of the sediment sequence (mean accumulation rate of 5.18 +/- 0.28 mm.yr(-1)) with {H}g accumulation rates ({H}g {AR}), {H}g isotopic composition and extensive historical data. {H}g {AR} were stable around 45 mu g.m(-2).y(-1) from 1860 to {WWI} and rose to reach their maximum at the end of {WWII} (250 mu g m(-2) y(-1)) followed by a gradual decreased to reach about 90 mu g m(-2) y(-1) in the current period. {N}ormalization to a terrigenous {H}g proxy highlighted the dominance of atmospheric {H}g inputs to the lake. {T}he combination of {H}g {AR} with isotopic signatures through the use of binary mixing ({D}elta {H}g-199 vs 1/{H}g {AR}) models and isotopic plots (and comparison to literature data) allowed us to identify the main industrial and urban historical inputs. {T}he major outcome of this study is that the {H}g mass independent fractionation ({MIF}) signature did not enable the identification of particular anthropogenic sources but reflected an integrated pool of industrial and urban emissions which tend to shift to less negative {MIF} values (mean: -0.15 +/- 0.04%) during their period of maximum emissions. {T}emporal {MIF} and {H}g {AR} variations depict the rising {H}g emissions from the industrial revolution (1860-1910) to the modern industrial and urban development period (1950-1980). {M}ass dependent fractionation ({MDF}) signatures enabled the identification of major contributors in relation to their relative intensities lying between two endmember pools: (i) the combustion activities (smelters, cement factories and urban heating) with more negative delta {H}g-202 values, and (ii) the chemical and electrometallurgical activities (electrochemistry, chlor-alkali) with higher delta {H}g-202 values. {U}nconformities of {MIF} and {MDF} signatures were observed during {WWI}, {WWII} and interwar period, and were attributed to drastic and rapid changes in regional industrial activities. {F}inally, recent laws regarding {H}g emissions (1998-2011) prove their efficiency as {H}g {AR} decreased with a return to more negative {MIF} and {MDF} signatures such as during the industrial revolution period. {O}ur study highlights that the combination of {H}g isotopic data with {H}g {AR} in sediment archives is a useful tool for reconstructing the history of anthropogenic {H}g emissions, and has the potential to identifiy their relative contributions.},
  keywords = {{M}ercury ; {I}sotopes ; {L}ake sediment ; {U}rban area ; {I}ndustry ; {FRANCE} ; {ALPES}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}hemical {G}eology},
  volume = {431},
  numero = {},
  pages = {10--19},
  ISSN = {0009-2541},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.03.016},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066805},
}