@article{fdi:010066778,
  title = {{I}mpact of annual praziquantel treatment on urogenital schistosomiasis in a seasonal transmission focus in central {S}enegal},
  author = {{S}enghor, {B}. and {D}iaw, {O}. {T}. and {D}oucour{\'e}, {S}. and {S}eye, {M}. and {D}iallo, {A}. and {T}alla, {I}. and {B}a, {C}. {T}. and {S}okhna, {C}heikh},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n {S}ub-{S}aharan {A}frica, urogenital schistosomiasis remains a significant public health problem, causing 150.000 deaths/year with approximately 112 million cases diagnosed. {T}he {N}iakhar district is a disease hotspot in central {S}enegal where transmission occurs seasonally with high prevalences. {T}he aim of this study was to determine the effect of annual treatment over 3 years on the seasonal transmission dynamics of {S}. haematobium in 9 villages in the {N}iakhar district. {A}dults and children aged between 5 and 60 years were surveyed from 2011 to 2014. {U}rine samples were collected door-to-door and examined for {S}. haematobium eggs at baseline in {J}une 2011, and all participants were treated in {A}ugust 2011 with {PZQ} (40 mg/kg). {A}fter this initial examination, evaluations were conducted at 3 successive time points from {S}eptember 2011 to {M}arch 2014, to measure the efficacy of the annual treatments and the rates of reinfection. {E}ach year, during the transmission period, from {J}uly to {N}ovember-{D}ecember, malacological surveys were also carried out in the fresh water bodies of each village to evaluate the infestation of the snail intermediate hosts. {A}t baseline, the overall prevalence of {S}. haematobium infection was 57.7%, and the proportion of heavy infection was 45.3%, but one month after the first treatment high cure rates (92.9%) were obtained. {T}he overall infection prevalence and proportion of heavy infection intensities were drastically reduced to 4.2% and 2.3%, respectively. {T}he level of the first reinfection in {F}ebruary-{M}arch 2012 was 9.5%. {A}t follow-up time points, prevalence levels varied slightly between reinfection and treatment from 9.5% in {J}une 2012 to 0.3% in {M}arch 2013, 11.2 in {J}une 2013, and 10.1% {A}pril 2014. {A}t the end of the study, overall prevalence was significantly reduced from 57.7% to 10.1%. {T}he overall rate of infested {B}ulinid snails was reduced after repeated treatment from 0.8% in 2012 to 0.5% in 2013. {R}epeated annual treatments are suggested to have a considerable impact on the transmission dynamics of {S}. haematobium in {N}iakhar, due to the nature of the epidemiological system with seasonal transmission. {T}hus, to maintain this benefit and continue to reduce the morbidity of urogenital schistosomiasis, other approaches should be integrated into the strategy plans of the {N}ational program to achieve the goal of urogenital schistosomiasis elimination in seasonal foci in {S}enegal.},
  keywords = {{SENEGAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {N}eglected {T}ropical {D}iseases},
  volume = {10},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {e0004557 [17 p.]},
  ISSN = {1935-2735},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0004557},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066778},
}