@article{fdi:010066775,
  title = {{A} historical overview of the classification, evolution, and dispersion of {L}eishmania parasites and sandflies},
  author = {{A}khoundi, {M}. and {K}uhls, {K}. and {C}annet, {A}. and {V}otypka, {J}. and {M}arty, {P}. and {D}elaunay, {P}. and {S}ereno, {D}enis},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {T}he aim of this study is to describe the major evolutionary historical events among {L}eishmania, sandflies, and the associated animal reservoirs in detail, in accordance with the geographical evolution of the {E}arth, which has not been previously discussed on a large scale. {M}ethodology and {P}rincipal {F}indings {L}eishmania and sandfly classification has always been a controversial matter, and the increasing number of species currently described further complicates this issue. {D}espite several hypotheses on the origin, evolution, and distribution of {L}eishmania and sandflies in the {O}ld and {N}ew {W}orld, no consistent agreement exists regarding dissemination of the actors that play roles in leishmaniasis. {F}or this purpose, we present here three centuries of research on sandflies and {L}eishmania descriptions, as well as a complete description of {L}eishmania and sandfly fossils and the emergence date of each {L}eishmania and sandfly group during different geographical periods, from 550 million years ago until now. {W}e discuss critically the different approaches that were used for {L}eishmana and sandfly classification and their synonymies, proposing an updated classification for each species of {L}eishmania and sandfly. {W}e update information on the current distribution and dispersion of different species of {L}eishmania (53), sandflies (more than 800 at genus or subgenus level), and animal reservoirs in each of the following geographical ecozones: {P}alearctic, {N}earctic, {N}eotropic, {A}frotropical, {O}riental, {M}alagasy, and {A}ustralian. {W}e propose an updated list of the potential and proven sandfly vectors for each {L}eishmania species in the {O}ld and {N}ew {W}orld. {F}inally, we address a classical question about digenetic {L}eishmania evolution: which was the first host, a vertebrate or an invertebrate? {C}onclusions and {S}ignificance {W}e propose an updated view of events that have played important roles in the geographical dispersion of sandflies, in relation to both the {L}eishmania species they transmit and the animal reservoirs of the parasites.},
  keywords = {{MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {N}eglected {T}ropical {D}iseases},
  volume = {10},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {e0004349 [40 p.]},
  ISSN = {1935-2735},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0004349},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066775},
}