@article{fdi:010066734,
  title = {{H}olocene land-sea climatic links on the equatorial {P}acific coast ({B}ay of {G}uayaquil, {E}cuador)},
  author = {{S}eilles, {B}. and {G}oni, {M}. {F}. {S}. and {L}edru, {M}arie-{P}ierre and {U}rrego, {D}. {H}. and {M}artinez, {P}. and {H}anquiez, {V}. and {S}chneider, {R}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}e analyzed the pollen content of a marine core located near the {B}ay of {G}uayaquil in {E}cuador to document the link between sea surface temperatures ({SST}s) and changes in rainfall regimes on the adjacent continent during the {H}olocene. {B}ased on the expansion/ regression of five vegetation types, we observe three successive climatic patterns. {I}n the first phase, between 11,700 and 7700 cal. yr {BP}, the presence of a cloud ({A}ndean) forest in the mid altitudes and mangroves in the estuary of the {G}uayas basin, were associated with a maximum in boreal summer insolation, a northernmost position of the {I}ntertropical {C}onvergence {Z}one ({ITCZ}), a land-sea thermal contrast, cloud dripping, and dry edaphic conditions. {B}etween 7700 and 2850 cal. yr {BP}, the expansion of the coastal vegetation and the regression of the mangrove indicate a drier climate with weak {ITCZ} and low {E}l {N}ino {S}outhern {O}scillation ({ENSO}) variability while austral summer insolation gradually increased. {T}he interval between 4200 and 2850 cal. yr {BP} was marked by the coolest and driest climatic conditions of the {H}olocene because of the weak influence of the {ITCZ} and a strengthening of the {H}umboldt {C}urrent. {A}fter 2850 cal. yr {BP}, high variability and amplitude of the {A}ndean forest changes occurred when {ENSO} frequency and amplitude increased, indicating high variability in land-sea connections. {T}he {ITCZ} reached the latitude of {G}uayaquil only after 2500 cal. yr {BP} inducing the bimodal precipitation regime we observe today. {O}ur study shows that besides insolation, the {ITCZ} position, and {ENSO} frequency, changes in eastern equatorial {P}acific {SST}s play a major role in determining the composition of the ecosystems and the hydrological cycle of the {E}cuadorian {P}acific coast and the {W}estern {C}ordillera in {E}cuador.},
  keywords = {{E}cuador ; {E}l {N}ino {S}outhern {O}scillation ; {H}olocene ; {H}umboldt {C}urrent ; {I}ntertropical {C}onvergence {Z}one ; {P}acific sea surface temperature ; {W}estern {C}ordillera ; {EQUATEUR} ; {PACIFIQUE} ; {GUAYAQUIL} {BAIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{H}olocene},
  volume = {26},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {567--577},
  ISSN = {0959-6836},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1177/0959683615612566},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066734},
}