@article{fdi:010066679,
  title = {{R}econsideration of the seven discrete typing units within the species {T}rypanosoma cruzi, a new proposal of three reliable mitochondrial clades},
  author = {{B}arnab{\'e}, {C}hristian and {M}obarec, {H}. {I}. and {J}urado, {M}. {R}. and {C}ortez, {J}. {A}. and {B}reni{\`e}re, {S}imone {F}r{\'e}d{\'e}rique},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}t is generally acknowledged that {T}rypanosoma cruzi, responsible for {C}hagas disease, is structured into six or seven distinct discrete typing units ({DTU}s), and termed {T}c{I} through {T}c{VI} and {T}c{B}at for the seventh, by a collective of researchers. {H}owever, such structuring can be validated only when the species is analyzed over its entire distribution area with the same genetic markers. {M}any works have dealt with several {DTU}s in limited areas, generally one country, others have dealt with only one {DTU} over the endemic area, but no work has reported data of all {DTU}s over the entire endemic area. {H}ence, the aim of this minireview was to analyze three gene sequences, already deposited in {G}en{B}ank by others, over the entire geographical distribution of {C}hagas disease. {T}wo mitochondrial ({C}yt{B} and {COII}) and one nuclear gene ({G}pi) were selected (i) among those most widely used in the field, (ii) of single copy for the nuclear one, and (iii) presenting common sequences of sufficient size for applying phylogenetic tools. {T}hey were analyzed using maximum likelihood trees and phylogenetic networks. {R}emarkably, only three significant clusters instead of seven were found with the mitochondrial genes. {W}ith the nuclear gene, surprisingly, all seven expected clusters did not have significant bootstrap values. {M}oreover, {DTU}s {T}c{V} and {T}c{VI} were indistinguishable as were {T}c{III} and {T}c{IV}. {A}dditionally, we have undertaken a minireview of seventy-five publications presenting phylogenetic trees with identifiable {DTU}s that allowed us, together with our own results, to seriously question the structuring of {T}. cruzi into six or seven separated {DTU}s. {W}e propose that mitochondrial typing in three clusters currently named mt{T}c{I}, mt{T}c{II}, and mt{T}c{III} is robust whereas nuclear typing may lead to a questionable clustering but it is valuable for detecting mitochondrial introgression, heterozygous states and allelic composition.},
  keywords = {{C}hagas disease ; {G}enetic structure ; {D}iscrete typing unit ; {P}hylogeny ; {M}osaicism ; {C}lonality},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{I}nfection {G}enetics and {E}volution},
  volume = {39},
  numero = {},
  pages = {176--186},
  ISSN = {1567-1348},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.meegid.2016.01.029},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066679},
}