@article{fdi:010066663,
  title = {{L}ate {T}harsis formation and implications for early {M}ars},
  author = {{B}ouley, {S}. and {B}aratoux, {D}avid and {M}atsuyama, {I}. and {F}orget, {F}. and {S}ejourne, {A}. and {T}urbet, {M}. and {C}ostard, {F}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {T}harsis region is the largest volcanic complex on {M}ars and in the {S}olar {S}ystem. {Y}oung lava flows cover its surface (from the {A}mazonian period, less than 3 billion years ago) but its growth started during the {N}oachian era (more than 3.7 billion years ago). {I}ts position has induced a reorientation of the planet with respect to its spin axis (true polar wander, {TPW}), which is responsible for the present equatorial position of the volcanic province. {I}t has been suggested that the {T}harsis load on the lithosphere influenced the orientation of the {N}oachian/{E}arly {H}esperian (more than 3.5 billion years ago) valley networks(1) and therefore that most of the topography of {T}harsis was completed before fluvial incision. {H}ere we calculate the rotational figure of {M}ars (that is, its equilibrium shape) and its surface topography before {T}harsis formed, when the spin axis of the planet was controlled by the difference in elevation between the northern and southern hemispheres (hemispheric dichotomy). {W}e show that the observed directions of valley networks are also consistent with topographic gradients in this configuration and thus do not require the presence of the {T}harsis load. {F}urthermore, the distribution of the valleys along a small circle tilted with respect to the equator is found to correspond to a southern-hemisphere latitudinal band in the pre-{TPW} geographical frame. {P}referential accumulation of ice or water in a south tropical band is predicted by climate model simulations of early {M}ars applied to the pre-{TPW} topography. {A} late growth of {T}harsis, contemporaneous with valley incision, has several implications for the early geological history of {M}ars, including the existence of glacial environments near the locations of the pre-{TPW} poles of rotation, and a possible link between volcanic outgassing from {T}harsis and the stability of liquid water at the surface of {M}ars.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{N}ature},
  volume = {531},
  numero = {7594},
  pages = {344--347 + 8 p.},
  ISSN = {0028-0836},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1038/nature17171},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066663},
}