@article{fdi:010066142,
  title = {{A}nnual water, sediment, nutrient, and organic carbon fluxes in river basins : a global meta-analysis as a function of scale},
  author = {{M}utema, {M}. and {C}haplot, {V}incent and {J}ewitt, {G}. and {C}hivenge, {P}. and {B}loschl, {G}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}rocess controls on water, sediment, nutrient, and organic carbon exports from the landscape through runoff are not fully understood. {T}his paper provides analyses from 446 sites worldwide to evaluate the impact of environmental factors ({MAP} and {MAT}: mean annual precipitation and temperature; {CLAY} and {BD}: soil clay content and bulk density; {S}: slope gradient; {LU}: land use) on annual exports ({RC}: runoff coefficients; {SL}: sediment loads; {TOCL}: organic carbon losses; {TNL}: nitrogen losses; {TPL}: phosphorus losses) from different spatial scales. {R}-{C} was found to increase, on average, from 18% at local scale (in headwaters), 25% at microcatchment and subcatchment scale (midreaches) to 41% at catchment scale (lower reaches of river basins) in response to multiple factors. {SL} increased from microplots (468 g m(-2) yr(-1)) to plots (901 g m(-2) yr(-1)), accompanied by decreasing {TOCL} and {TNL}. {C}limate was a major control masking the effects of other factors. {F}or example, {R}-{C}, {SL}, {TOCL}, {TNL}, and {TPL} tended to increase with {MAP} at all spatial scales. {T}hese variables, however, decreased with {MAT}. {T}he impact of {CLAY}, {BD}, {LU}, and {S} on erosion variables was largely confined to the hillslope scale, where {R}-{C}, {SL}, and {TOCL} decreased with {CLAY}, while {TNL} and {TPL} increased. {T}he results contribute to better understanding of water, nutrient, and carbon cycles in terrestrial ecosystems and should inform river basin modeling and ecosystem management. {T}he important role of spatial climate variability points to a need for comparative research in specific environments at nested spatiotemporal scales.},
  keywords = {{MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{W}ater {R}esources {R}esearch},
  volume = {51},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {8949--8972},
  ISSN = {0043-1397},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1002/2014wr016668},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066142},
}