@article{fdi:010066104,
  title = {{E}ffect of climate change, {CO}2 trends, nitrogen addition, and land-cover and management intensity changes on the carbon balance of {E}uropean grasslands},
  author = {{C}hang, {J}. {F}. and {C}iais, {P}. and {V}iovy, {N}. and {V}uichard, {N}. and {H}errero, {M}. and {H}avlik, {P}. and {W}ang, {X}. {H}. and {S}ultan, {B}enjamin and {S}oussana, {J}. {F}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}everal lines of evidence point to {E}uropean managed grassland ecosystems being a sink of carbon. {I}n this study, we apply {ORCHIDEE}-{GM} a process-based carbon cycle model that describes specific management practices of pastures and the dynamics of carbon cycling in response to changes in climatic and biogeochemical drivers. {T}he model is used to simulate changes in the carbon balance [i.e., net biome production ({NBP})] of {E}uropean grasslands over 1991-2010 on a 25kmx25km grid. {T}he modeled average trend in {NBP} is 1.8-2.0g {C}m(-2)yr(-2) during the past two decades. {A}ttribution of this trend suggests management intensity as the dominant driver explaining {NBP} trends in the model (36-43% of the trend due to all drivers). {A} major change in grassland management intensity has occurred across {E}urope resulting from reduced livestock numbers. {T}his change has inadvertently' enhanced soil {C} sequestration and reduced {N}2{O} and {CH}4 emissions by 1.2-1.5 {G}t {CO}2-equivalent, offsetting more than 7% of greenhouse gas emissions in the whole {E}uropean agricultural sector during the period 1991-2010. {L}and-cover change, climate change and rising {CO}2 also make positive and moderate contributions to the {NBP} trend (between 24% and 31% of the trend due to all drivers). {C}hanges in nitrogen addition (including fertilization and atmospheric deposition) are found to have only marginal net effect on {NBP} trends. {H}owever, this may not reflect reality because our model has only a very simple parameterization of nitrogen effects on photosynthesis. {T}he sum of {NBP} trends from each driver is larger than the trend obtained when all drivers are varied together, leaving a residual - nonattributed - term (22-26% of the trend due to all drivers) indicating negative interactions between drivers.},
  keywords = {carbon balance ; climate change ; {E}uropean grassland ; land-cover change ; management intensity ; {ORCHIDEE}-{GM} ; {EUROPE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}lobal {C}hange {B}iology},
  volume = {22},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {338--350},
  ISSN = {1354-1013},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1111/gcb.13050},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010066104},
}