@article{fdi:010065405,
  title = {{T}he diversity of meningococcal carriage across the african meningitis belt and the impact of vaccination with a group a meningococcal conjugate vaccine},
  author = {{A}li, {O}. and {A}seffa, {A}. and {B}edru, {A}. and {L}ema, {T}. and {M}oti, {T}. and {T}ekletsion, {Y}. and {W}orku, {A}. and {X}abher, {H}. {G}. and {Y}amuah, {L}. and {B}oukary, {R}. {M}. and {C}ollard, {J}. {M}. and {D}ano, {I}. {D}. and {H}abiboulaye, {I}. and {I}ssaka, {B}. and {J}usot, {J}. {F}. and {O}usmane, {S}. and {R}abe, {I}. and {D}augla, {D}. {M}. and {G}ami, {J}. {P}. and {G}amougam, {K}. and {M}bainadji, {L}. and {N}aibei, {N}. and {N}arbe, {M}. and {T}oralta, {J}. and {B}erthe, {A}. and {D}iallo, {K}. and {K}eita, {M}. and {O}nwuchekwa, {U}. and {S}ow, {S}. {O}. and {T}amboura, {B}. and {T}raore, {A}. and {T}oure, {A}. and {C}lark, {T}. and {M}ayer, {L}. and {A}modu, {M}. and {B}eida, {O}. and {G}adzama, {G}. and {O}motara, {B}. and {S}ambo, {Z}. and {Y}ahya, {S}. and {C}handramohan, {D}. and {G}reenwood, {B}. {M}. and {H}assan-{K}ing, {M}. and {M}anigart, {O}. and {N}ascimento, {M}. and {S}tuart, {J}. {M}. and {W}oukeu, {A}. and {B}asta, {N}. {E}. and {B}ai, {X}. {L}. and {B}orrow, {R}. and {F}indlow, {H}. and {A}lavo, {S}. and {B}assene, {H}. and {D}iallo, {A}. and {D}ieng, {M}. and {D}oucour{\'e}, {S}. and {G}omis, {J}. {F}. and {N}diaye, {A}. and {S}okhna, {C}heikh and {T}rape, {J}ean-{F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {A}kalifa, {B}. and {F}orgor, {A}. and {H}odgson, {A}. and {O}sei, {I}. and {Q}uaye, {S}. {L}. and {W}illiams, {J}. and {W}ontuo, {P}. and {I}rving, {T}. and {T}rotter, {C}. {L}. and {B}ennett, {J}. and {H}ill, {D}. and {H}arrison, {O}. and {M}aiden, {M}. {C}. and {R}ebbetts, {L}. and {W}atkins, {E}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground. {S}tudy of meningococcal carriage is essential to understanding the epidemiology of {N}eisseria meningitidis infection. {M}ethods. {T}wenty cross-sectional carriage surveys were conducted in 7 countries in the {A}frican meningitis belt; 5 surveys were conducted after introduction of a new serogroup {A} meningococcal conjugate vaccine ({M}en{A}fri{V}ac). {P}haryngeal swab specimens were collected, and {N}eisseria species were identified by microbiological and molecular techniques. {R}esults. {A} total of 1687 of 48 490 participants (3.4%; 95% confidence interval [{CI}], 3.2%-3.6%) carried meningococci. {C}arriage was more frequent in individuals aged 5-14 years, relative to those aged 15-29 years (adjusted odds ratio [{OR}], 1.41; 95% {CI}, 1.25-1.60); in males, relative to females (adjusted {OR}, 1.17; 95% {CI}, 1.10-1.24); in individuals in rural areas, relative to those in urban areas (adjusted {OR}, 1.44; 95% {CI}, 1.28-1.63); and in the dry season, relative to the rainy season (adjusted {OR}, 1.54; 95% {CI}, 1.37-1.75). {F}orty-eight percent of isolates had genes encoding disease-associated polysaccharide capsules; genogroup {W} predominated, and genogroup {A} was rare. {S}train diversity was lower in countries in the center of the meningitis belt than in {S}enegal or {E}thiopia. {T}he prevalence of genogroup {A} fell from 0.7% to 0.02% in {C}had following mass vaccination with {M}en{A}fri{V}ac. {C}onclusions. {T}he prevalence of meningococcal carriage in the {A}frican meningitis belt is lower than in industrialized countries and is very diverse and dynamic, even in the absence of vaccination.},
  keywords = {{A}frica ; meningitis ; meningococcus ; {N}eisseria meningitidis ; carriage ; {NIGERIA} ; {MALI} ; {NIGER} ; {TCHAD} ; {ETHIOPIE} ; {GHANA} ; {SENEGAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {I}nfectious {D}iseases},
  volume = {212},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {1298--1307},
  ISSN = {0022-1899},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1093/infdis/jiv211},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010065405},
}