@article{fdi:010065321,
  title = {{F}irst measurement of the volcanic gas output from {A}nak {K}rakatau, {I}ndonesia},
  author = {{B}ani, {P}hilipson and {N}ormier, {A}. and {B}acri, {C}. and {A}llard, {P}. and {G}unawan, {H}. and {H}endrasto, {M}. and {S}urono, and {T}sanev, {V}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}nak {K}rakatau is the active cone that has built up in the caldera of {K}rakatau volcano after the 1883 cataclysmic eruption, in the {S}unda {S}trait. {I}nitially submarine, this new cone definitely emerged from the sea in 1930 and since then has progressively grown up through both explosive and effusive eruptions (similar to one eruption every 3 years). {H}ere we report on the first quantification of volcanic gas output from {A}nak {K}rakatau, based on airbom {UV} measurements of the {SO}2 flux in 2014, and then discuss its implication in terms of magma degassing budget since 1930. {W}e find that during non-eruptive activity {A}nak {K}rakatau passively emits 190 +/- 40 tons per day of {SO}2, which is comparable to the emission rate during lava dome extrusion at {M}erapi, central {J}ava, but substantially more than those measured on few other {I}ndonesian volcanoes ({T}angkubanparahu, {S}lamet, {B}romo and {P}apandayan). {A}nak {K}rakatau thus appears to be an important persistent emitter of volcanic volatiles in the {I}ndonesian arc, even though this very active region still remains weakly documented on that aspect. {C}ombining with available data for the composition of its high-temperature (similar to 700 degrees {C}) crater gases, {A}nak {K}rakatau may release annually 0.07 {T}g of {SO}2, 3 {T}g of {H}2{O}, and 0.13 moles of {H}e-3. {U}sing published data for the sulfur content of its feeding magma, we estimate that about 1.3 km(3) of magma may have been degassed during its subaerial growth over the past 85 years. {T}he subaerial cone represents only 14% of this volume. {T}hus, a substantial fraction (1.1 km(3)) of the degassed magma did not extrude and may have accumulated in the plumbing system. {T}his inference is consistent with geophysical and petrologic evidence of the presence of dense magma bodies in the shallow crustal basement of {K}rakatau volcano.},
  keywords = {{A}nak {K}rakatau volcano ; {A}nak {K}rakatau emissions budget ; {V}oluminous unerupted magma ; {INDONESIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {V}olcanology and {G}eothermal {R}esearch},
  volume = {302},
  numero = {},
  pages = {237--241},
  ISSN = {0377-0273},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.07.008},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010065321},
}