@article{fdi:010064948, title = {{ENSO} and greenhouse warming}, author = {{C}ai, {W}. {J}. and {S}antoso, {A}. and {W}ang, {G}. {J}. and {Y}eh, {S}. {W}. and {A}n, {S}. {I}. and {C}obb, {K}. {M}. and {C}ollins, {M}. and {G}uilyardi, {E}. and {J}in, {F}. {F}. and {K}ug, {J}. {S}. and {L}engaigne, {M}atthieu and {M}c{P}haden, {M}. {J}. and {T}akahashi, {K}. and {T}immermann, {A}. and {V}ecchi, {G}. and {W}atanabe, {M}. and {W}u, {L}. {X}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he {E}l {N}ino/{S}outhern {O}scillation ({ENSO}) is the dominant climate phenomenon affecting extreme weather conditions worldwide. {I}ts response to greenhouse warming has challenged scientists for decades, despite model agreement on projected changes in mean state. {R}ecent studies have provided new insights into the elusive links between changes in {ENSO} and in the mean state of the {P}acific climate. {T}he projected slow-down in {W}alker circulation is expected to weaken equatorial {P}acific {O}cean currents, boosting the occurrences of eastward-propagating warm surface anomalies that characterize observed extreme {E}l {N}ino events. {A}ccelerated equatorial {P}acific warming, particularly in the east, is expected to induce extreme rainfall in the eastern equatorial {P}acific and extreme equatorward swings of the {P}acific convergence zones, both of which are features of extreme {E}l {N}ino. {T}he frequency of extreme {L}a {N}ina is also expected to increase in response to more extreme {E}l {N}inos, an accelerated maritime continent warming and surface-intensified ocean warming. {ENSO}-related catastrophic weather events are thus likely to occur more frequently with unabated greenhouse-gas emissions. {B}ut model biases and recent observed strengthening of the {W}alker circulation highlight the need for further testing as new models, observations and insights become available.}, keywords = {{PACIFIQUE} ; {OCEAN} {INDIEN}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{N}ature {C}limate {C}hange}, volume = {5}, numero = {9}, pages = {849--859}, ISSN = {1758-678{X}}, year = {2015}, DOI = {10.1038/nclimate2743}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064948}, }