@article{fdi:010064832,
  title = {{A} severe bite from a nonhuman primate is a major risk factor for {HTLV}-1 infection in hunters from {C}entral {A}frica},
  author = {{F}ilippone, {C}. and {B}etsem, {E}. and {T}ortevoye, {P}. and {C}assar, {O}. and {B}assot, {S}. and {F}roment, {A}lain and {F}ontanet, {A}. and {G}essain, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground. {HTLV}-1 infection is endemic to {C}entral {A}frican populations. {T}he risk factors for {HTLV}-1 acquisition in humans via the interspecies transmission of {STLV}-1 (its simian counterpart) remain largely unknown. {M}ethods. {W}e studied 269 individuals (254 men, 15 women) bitten by a nonhuman primate ({NHP}), mostly during hunting activities. {T}hese, {P}ygmies and {B}antus, living in the southern {C}ameroonian rainforest, were matched for sex, age, and ethnicity with individuals from the same settlements reporting no {NHP} bites. {HTLV}-1 serology was performed by {W}estern blot on plasma samples. {PCR} was carried out for {HTLV}-1 provirus on buffy-coat {DNA}s. {T}he amplified products were sequenced and analyzed by phylogenetic analyses. {R}esults. {HTLV}-1 prevalence was 8.6% (23/269) in individuals with bites, vs 1.5% (4/269) in matched controls ({P} < .001). {M}oreover, {HTLV}-1 infection was linked to bite severity. {T}he 23 {HTLV}-1-positive bitten individuals reported being bitten by a gorilla (17), chimpanzee (3), or small monkey (3). {T}hirteen (56%) were coinfected with a simian foamy virus known to be acquired through severe bites. {M}other-to-child infection was excluded in 6 {HTLV}-1-infected bitten individuals. {A}ll the {HTLV}-1-positive hunters bitten by a gorilla or chimpanzee were infected with a subtype {B} strain similar to that present in apes from the same area. {T}wo hunters bitten by small monkeys ({C}. agilis in one case) were infected with a {HTLV}-1 subtype {F} strain very similar to the {STLV}-1 strains present in such monkeys. {C}onclusions. {T}hese results strongly suggest ongoing direct zoonotic acquisition of {STLV}-1 in humans through severe {NHP} bites during hunting activities.},
  keywords = {{HTLV}-1/{STLV}-1 ; nonhuman primates ; viral cross-species transmission ; severe bite ; {AFRIQUE} {CENTRALE} ; {CAMEROUN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}linical {I}nfectious {D}iseases},
  volume = {60},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {1667--1676},
  ISSN = {1058-4838},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1093/cid/civ145},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064832},
}