@article{fdi:010064817,
  title = {{V}ariability of mineral dust concentrations over {W}est {A}frica monitored by the {S}ahelian {D}ust {T}ransect},
  author = {{K}aly, {F}. and {M}articorena, {B}. and {C}hatenet, {B}. and {R}ajot, {J}ean-{L}ouis and {J}anicot, {S}erge and {N}iang, {A}. and {Y}ahi, {H}. and {T}hiria, {S}. and {M}aman, {A}. and {Z}akou, {A}. and {C}oulibaly, {B}. {S}. and {C}oulibaly, {M}. and {K}one, {I}. and {T}raore, {S}. and {D}iallo, {A}. and {N}diaye, {T}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he "{S}ahelian belt" is known as a region where mineral dust content is among the highest in the world. {I}n the framework of the {AMMA} international {P}rogram, a transect of three ground based stations, the "{S}ahelian {D}ust {T}ransect" ({SDT}), has been deployed in order to obtain quantitative information on the mineral dust content over the {S}ahel. {T}hese three stations: {B}anizoumbou ({N}iger), {C}inzana ({M}ali) and {M}'{B}our ({S}enegal) are aligned at 13 degrees {N} along the east-west main pathway of the {S}aharan and {S}ahelian dust toward the {A}tlantic {O}cean. {T}he {SDT} provides a set of aerosol measurements and local meteorological parameters to describe and understand the mechanisms that control the temporal and regional variability of mineral dust content in these regions. {I}n this work we analyze the seasonal and diurnal variability of the dust concentrations over the period 2006-2010. {T}he analysis of the dust concentrations measured between 2006 and 2010 confirmed a regional seasonal cycle characterized by a maximum in the dry season, with median concentration ranging from 205 mu g m(-3) at {B}anizoumbou to 144 mu g m(-3) at {M}'{B}our, and a minimum (11-32 mu g m(-3)) in the wet season. {T}he five year data set allowed the quantification of the variability of the monthly concentrations. {T}he range between the percentiles 75 and 25 varies linearly with the median concentration: it is of the same order than the median value in {M}'{B}our, 17% slightly higher in {C}inzana and 50% higher in {B}anizoumbou. {T}he range between the accepted maximum and minimum is also correlated with the median value, with slopes ranging from 14 in {B}anizoumbou to 7 in {M}'{B}our. {P}art of the variability of the concentration at the monthly scale is due to interannual variability. {E}xtremely high or low monthly concentration can be recorded that significantly impacts the five year median concentration and its range. {C}ompared to the 3-year data set analyzed by {M}articorena et al. (2010), the two additional years used in this work appear as the less dusty year (2009) and one of the dustier years (2010). {T}he sampling time step and the high recovery rates of the measurement stations allowed to investigate the diurnal cycle of the dust concentration for the first time. {D}uring the dry season, the hourly median concentrations range from 80 to 100 mu g m(-3) during the night to 100-160 mu g m(-3) during the day-time maximum. {T}he diurnal cycle of the {PM}10 concentrations is phased with the diurnal cycle of the surface wind speed and thus modulated by the interactions between the nocturnal lower level jet ({NLLJ}) and the surface boundary layer. {T}he {NUJ} appears as a major agent to transport {S}aharan dust toward the {S}ahel. {D}uring the wet season, the median {PM}10 concentrations are maximum at night-time (<50 mu g m(-3)). {T}he night-time concentrations are associated with a large range of variability and coincide with the periods of higher occurrence of meso-scale convective systems. {T}he amplitude of the diurnal cycle is of the order of 60 mu g m(-3) in the dry season and 20 mu g m(-3) in the wet season. {B}oth in the dry and in the wet season, despite a month to month variability of the daily dust concentration, a typical diurnal pattern has been established suggesting that this temporal pattern is mainly driven by local meteorological conditions.},
  keywords = {{A}erosol ; {M}ineral dust aerosol ; {PM}10 ; {S}patiotemporal variability ; {S}ahel ; {W}est {A}frica ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{OUEST} ; {ZONE} {SAHELIENNE} ; {SENEGAL} ; {NIGER} ; {MALI}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}tmospheric {R}esearch},
  volume = {164},
  numero = {},
  pages = {226--241},
  ISSN = {0169-8095},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.05.011},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064817},
}