@article{fdi:010064661,
  title = {{T}he recent evolution of a maternally-inherited endosymbiont of ticks led to the emergence of the {Q} fever pathogen, {C}oxiella burnetii},
  author = {{D}uron, {O}. and {N}oel, {V}. and {M}c{C}oy, {K}. {D}. and {B}onazzi, {M}. and {S}idi-{B}oumedine, {K}. and {M}orel, {O}. and {V}avre, {F}. and {Z}enner, {L}. and {J}ourdain, {E}. and {D}urand, {P}. and {A}rnathau, {C}. and {R}enaud, {F}. and {T}rape, {J}ean-{F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {B}iguezoton, {A}. {S}. and {C}remaschi, {J}. and {D}ietrich, {M}. and {L}eger, {E}. and {A}ppelgren, {A}. and {D}upraz, {M}. and {G}omez-{D}iaz, {E}. and {D}iatta, {G}. and {D}ayo, {G}. {K}. and {A}dakal, {H}. and {Z}oungrana, {S}. and {V}ial, {L}. and {C}hevillon, {C}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{Q} fever is a highly infectious disease with a worldwide distribution. {I}ts causative agent, the intracellular bacterium {C}oxiella burnetii, infects a variety of vertebrate species, including humans. {I}ts evolutionary origin remains almost entirely unknown and uncertainty persists regarding the identity and lifestyle of its ancestors. {A} few tick species were recently found to harbor maternally-inherited {C}oxiella-like organisms engaged in symbiotic interactions, but their relationships to the {Q} fever pathogen remain unclear. {H}ere, we extensively sampled ticks, identifying new and atypical {C}oxiella strains from 40 of 58 examined species, and used this data to infer the evolutionary processes leading to the emergence of {C}. burnetii. {P}hylogenetic analyses of multi-locus typing and whole-genome sequencing data revealed that {C}oxiella-like organisms represent an ancient and monophyletic group allied to ticks. {R}emarkably, all known {C}. burnetii strains originate within this group and are the descendants of a {C}oxiella-like progenitor hosted by ticks. {U}sing both colony-reared and field-collected gravid females, we further establish the presence of highly efficient maternal transmission of these {C}oxiella-like organisms in four examined tick species, a pattern coherent with an endosymbiotic lifestyle. {O}ur laboratory culture assays also showed that these {C}oxiella-like organisms were not amenable to culture in the vertebrate cell environment, suggesting different metabolic requirements compared to {C}. burnetii. {A}ltogether, this corpus of data demonstrates that {C}. burnetii recently evolved from an inherited symbiont of ticks which succeeded in infecting vertebrate cells, likely by the acquisition of novel virulence factors.},
  keywords = {{EUROPE} ; {AMERIQUE} ; {AFRIQUE} ; {OCEANIE} ; {ASIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {P}athogens},
  volume = {11},
  numero = {5},
  pages = {e1004892 [23 p.]},
  ISSN = {1553-7366},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1004892},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064661},
}