@article{fdi:010064237,
  title = {{V}ariability and predictability of {W}est {A}frican droughts : a review on the role of sea surface temperature anomalies},
  author = {{R}odriguez-{F}onseca, {B}. and {M}ohino, {E}. and {M}echoso, {C}. {R}. and {C}aminade, {C}. and {B}iasutti, {M}. and {G}aetani, {M}. and {G}arcia-{S}errano, {J}. and {V}izy, {E}. {K}. and {C}ook, {K}. and {X}ue, {Y}. {K}. and {P}olo, {I}. and {L}osada, {T}. and {D}ruyan, {L}. and {F}ontaine, {B}. and {B}ader, {J}. and {D}oblas-{R}eyes, {F}. {J}. and {G}oddard, {L}. and {J}anicot, {S}erge and {A}rribas, {A}. and {L}au, {W}. and {C}olman, {A}. and {V}ellinga, {M}. and {R}owell, {D}. {P}. and {K}ucharski, {F}. and {V}oldoire, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {S}ahel experienced a severe drought during the 1970s and 1980s after wet periods in the 1950s and 1960s. {A}lthough rainfall partially recovered since the 1990s, the drought had devastating impacts on society. {M}ost studies agree that this dry period resulted primarily from remote effects of sea surface temperature ({SST}) anomalies amplified by local land surface-atmosphere interactions. {T}his paper reviews advances made during the last decade to better understand the impact of global {SST} variability on {W}est {A}frican rainfall at interannual to decadal time scales. {A}t interannual time scales, a warming of the equatorial {A}tlantic and {P}acific/{I}ndian {O}ceans results in rainfall reduction over the {S}ahel, and positive {SST} anomalies over the {M}editerranean {S}ea tend to be associated with increased rainfall. {A}t decadal time scales, warming over the tropics leads to drought over the {S}ahel, whereas warming over the {N}orth {A}tlantic promotes increased rainfall. {P}rediction systems have evolved from seasonal to decadal forecasting. {T}he agreement among future projections has improved from {CMIP}3 to {CMIP}5, with a general tendency for slightly wetter conditions over the central part of the {S}ahel, drier conditions over the western part, and a delay in the monsoon onset. {T}he role of the {I}ndian {O}cean, the stationarity of teleconnections, the determination of the leader ocean basin in driving decadal variability, the anthropogenic role, the reduction of the model rainfall spread, and the improvement of some model components are among the most important remaining questions that continue to be the focus of current international projects.},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{OUEST} ; {SAHEL} ; {ATLANTIQUE} ; {PACIFIQUE} ; {OCEAN} {INDIEN} ; {MEDITERRANEE} ; {ZONE} {EQUATORIALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {C}limate},
  volume = {28},
  numero = {10},
  pages = {4034--4060},
  ISSN = {0894-8755},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1175/jcli-d-14-00130.1},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064237},
}