@article{fdi:010064232,
  title = {{S}tem anatomy and the evolution of woodiness in piperales},
  author = {{T}rueba, {S}. and {R}owe, {N}. {P}. and {N}einhuis, {C}. and {W}anke, {S}. and {W}agner, {S}. {T}. and {I}snard, {S}andrine},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}remise of research. {P}iperales displays a wide diversity of growth forms that appears to be linked with differences in cambial activity and subsequent derived wood production. {T}o date, no overall synthesis of the evolution of woodiness in {P}iperales has been done and few studies have proposed an ancestral habit (woody/herbaceous). {W}e provide anatomical data of all lineages within {P}iperales and reconstruct ancestral character states, focusing on the origin of woodiness within the order and on the ecological significance of key anatomical features. {M}ethodology. {S}tem anatomical observations with special emphasis on wood anatomical features were performed on 28 species of the {P}iperales; by combining previously published studies with original data, we conducted phylogenetic reconstructions of cambial activity and vessel element perforation plates to assess the origin of woodiness and vessel evolution in {P}iperales. {P}ivotal results. {D}ifferent patterns of cambial activity are observed in {P}iperales, from active secondary growth in both intra-and interfascicular areas in {A}ristolochia, {T}hottea ({A}ristolochiaceae), {S}aruma ({A}saraceae), {M}anekia, and {P}iper ({P}iperaceae) to cambial activity mainly restricted to fascicular areas in {S}aururaceae and a complete lack of secondary growth in {V}erhuellia. {V}essels in {P}iperaceae, {A}ristolochiaceae, and {A}saraceae present simple perforation plates, while those of {S}aururaceae are mostly scalariform. {A} stem endodermis bearing a {C}asparian bandan atypical feature in aerial stems-is reported for all genera within the {P}iperaceae and for {S}aururus and {H}outtuynia in the {S}aururaceae. {C}onclusions. {T}he common ancestor of the order likely had an active cambium and woody habit, including vessel elements with simple perforation plates. {A}ll woody species share several wood features, including wide and tall rays, suggesting a single origin of wood in the order. {T}he high diversity of growth forms observed in {P}iperales is linked to frequent shifts in cambial activity and changes in habit-related features within the different lineages.},
  keywords = {{P}iperales ; protracted juvenilism ; stem endodermis ; vessel element ; perforation plates ; wood evolution ; woodiness},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{I}nternational {J}ournal of {P}lant {S}ciences},
  volume = {176},
  numero = {5},
  pages = {468--485},
  ISSN = {1058-5893},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1086/680595},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064232},
}