@article{fdi:010064188,
  title = {{S}patial patterns in glacier characteristics and area changes from 1962 to 2006 in the {K}anchenjunga-{S}ikkim area, eastern {H}imalaya},
  author = {{R}acoviteanu, {A}. {E}. and {A}rnaud, {Y}ves and {W}illiams, {M}. {W}. and {M}anley, {W}. {F}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}his study investigates spatial patterns in glacier characteristics and area changes at decadal scales in the eastern {H}imalaya - {N}epal ({A}run and {T}amor basins), {I}ndia ({T}eesta basin in {S}ikkim) and parts of {C}hina and {B}hutan - based on various satellite imagery: {C}orona {KH}4 imagery, {L}andsat 7 {E}nhanced {T}hematic {M}apper {P}lus ({ETM}+) and {A}dvanced {S}paceborne {T}hermal {E}mission {R}adiometer ({ASTER}), {Q}uick{B}ird ({QB}) and {W}orld{V}iew-2 ({WV}2). {W}e compare and contrast glacier surface area changes over the period of 1962-2000/2006 and their dependency on glacier topography (elevation, slope, aspect, percent debris cover) and climate (solar radiation, precipitation) on the eastern side of the topographic barrier ({S}ikkim) versus the western side ({N}epal). {G}lacier mapping from 2000 {L}andsat {ASTER} yielded 1463 +/- 88 km(2) total glacierized area, of which 569 +/- 34 km(2) was located in {S}ikkim and 488 +/- 29 km(2) in eastern {N}epal. {S}upraglacial debris covered 11% of the total glacierized area, and supraglacial lakes covered about 5.8% of the debris-covered glacier area alone. {G}lacier area loss (1962 to 2000) was 0.50 +/- 0.2% yr(-1), with little difference between {N}epal (0.53 +/- 0.2% yr(-1)) and {S}ikkim (0.44 +/- 0.2% yr(-1)). {G}lacier area change was controlled mostly by glacier area, elevation, altitudinal range and, to a smaller extent, slope and aspect. {I}n the {K}anchenjunga-{S}ikkim area, we estimated a glacier area loss of 0.23 +/- 0.08% yr(-1) from 1962 to 2006 based on high-resolution imagery. {O}n a glacier-by-glacier basis, clean glaciers exhibit more area loss on average from 1962 to 2006 (34 %) compared to debris-covered glaciers (22 %). {G}laciers in this region of the {H}imalaya are shrinking at similar rates to those reported for the last decades in other parts of the {H}imalaya, but individual glacier rates of change vary across the study area with respect to local topography, percent debris cover or glacier elevations.},
  keywords = {{NEPAL} ; {INDE} ; {BHOUTAN} ; {CHINE} ; {HIMALAYA} ; {SIKKIM}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}ryosphere},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {505--523},
  ISSN = {1994-0416},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.5194/tc-9-505-2015},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064188},
}