@article{fdi:010064085,
  title = {{F}ive major shifts of diversification through the long evolutionary history of {M}agnoliidae (angiosperms)},
  author = {{M}assoni, {J}. and {C}ouvreur, {T}homas and {S}auquet, {H}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {W}ith 10,000 species, {M}agnoliidae are the largest clade of flowering plants outside monocots and eudicots. {D}espite an ancient and rich fossil history, the tempo and mode of diversification of {M}agnoliidae remain poorly known. {U}sing a molecular data set of 12 markers and 220 species (representing >75% of genera in {M}agnoliidae) and six robust, internal fossil age constraints, we estimate divergence times and significant shifts of diversification across the clade. {I}n addition, we test the sensitivity of magnoliid divergence times to the choice of relaxed clock model and various maximum age constraints for the angiosperms. {R}esults: {C}ompared with previous work, our study tends to push back in time the age of the crown node of {M}agnoliidae (178.78-126.82 million years, {M}yr), and of the four orders, {C}anellales (143.18-125.90 {M}yr), {P}iperales (158.11-88.15 {M}yr), {L}aurales (165.62-112.05 {M}yr), and {M}agnoliales (164.09-114.75 {M}yr). {A}lthough families vary in crown ages, {M}agnoliidae appear to have diversified into most extant families by the end of the {C}retaceous. {T}he strongly imbalanced distribution of extant diversity within {M}agnoliidae appears to be best explained by models of diversification with 6 to 13 shifts in net diversification rates. {S}ignificant increases are inferred within {P}iperaceae and {A}nnonaceae, while the low species richness of {C}alycanthaceae, {D}egeneriaceae, and {H}imantandraceae appears to be the result of decreases in both speciation and extinction rates. {C}onclusions: {T}his study provides a new time scale for the evolutionary history of an important, but underexplored, part of the tree of angiosperms. {T}he ages of the main clades of {M}agnoliidae (above the family level) are older than previously thought, and in several lineages, there were significant increases and decreases in net diversification rates. {T}his study is a new robust framework for future investigations of trait evolution and of factors influencing diversification in this group as well as angiosperms as a whole.},
  keywords = {{A}ngiosperms ; {M}agnoliidae ; {M}olecular dating ; {D}iversification ; {S}peciation ; {E}xtinction},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}mc {E}volutionary {B}iology},
  volume = {15},
  numero = {},
  pages = {49 [14 ]},
  ISSN = {1471-2148},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1186/s12862-015-0320-6},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064085},
}