%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A D'Arc, M.
%A Ayouba, Ahidjo
%A Esteban, Amandine
%A Learn, G. H.
%A Boue, V.
%A Liégeois, Florian
%A Etienne, L.
%A Tagg, N.
%A Leendertz, F. H.
%A Boesch, C.
%A Madinda, N. F.
%A Robbins, M. M.
%A Gray, M.
%A Cournil, Amandine
%A Ooms, M.
%A Letko, M.
%A Simon, V. A.
%A Sharp, P. M.
%A Hahn, B. H.
%A Delaporte, Eric
%A Ngole, E. M.
%A Peeters, Martine
%T Origin of the HIV-1 group O epidemic in western lowland gorillas
%D 2015
%L fdi:010064059
%G ENG
%J Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
%@ 0027-8424
%K AIDS ; HIV-1 ; gorilla ; SIVgor ; zoonotic transmission
%K CAMEROUN ; GABON ; REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO ; OUGANDA
%M ISI:000351060000024
%N 11
%P E1343-E1352
%R 10.1073/pnas.1502022112
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064059
%> https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2015/04/010064059.pdf
%V 112
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X HIV-1, the cause of AIDS, is composed of four phylogenetic lineages, groups M, N, O, and P, each of which resulted from an independent cross-species transmission event of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) infecting African apes. Although groups M and N have been traced to geographically distinct chimpanzee communities in southern Cameroon, the reservoirs of groups O and P remain unknown. Here, we screened fecal samples fromwestern lowland (n = 2,611), eastern lowland (n = 103), and mountain (n = 218) gorillas for gorilla SIV (SIVgor) antibodies and nucleic acids. Despite testing wild troops throughout southern Cameroon (n = 14), northern Gabon (n = 16), the Democratic Republic of Congo (n = 2), and Uganda (n = 1), SIVgor was identified at only four sites in southern Cameroon, with prevalences ranging from 0.8-22%. Amplification of partial and full-length SIVgor sequences revealed extensive genetic diversity, but all SIVgor strains were derived from a single lineage within the chimpanzee SIV (SIVcpz) radiation. Two fully sequenced gorilla viruses from southwestern Cameroon were very closely related to, and likely represent the source population of, HIV-1 group P. Most of the genome of a third SIVgor strain, from central Cameroon, was very closely related to HIV-1 group O, again pointing to gorillas as the immediate source. Functional analyses identified the cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G as a barrier for chimpanzee-to-gorilla, but not gorilla-to-human, virus transmission. These data indicate that HIV-1 group O, which spreads epidemically in west central Africa and is estimated to have infected around 100,000 people, originated by cross-species transmission from western lowland gorillas.
%$ 052 ; 080