@article{fdi:010064059,
  title = {{O}rigin of the {HIV}-1 group {O} epidemic in western lowland gorillas},
  author = {{D}'{A}rc, {M}. and {A}youba, {A}hidjo and {E}steban, {A}mandine and {L}earn, {G}. {H}. and {B}oue, {V}. and {L}i{\'e}geois, {F}lorian and {E}tienne, {L}. and {T}agg, {N}. and {L}eendertz, {F}. {H}. and {B}oesch, {C}. and {M}adinda, {N}. {F}. and {R}obbins, {M}. {M}. and {G}ray, {M}. and {C}ournil, {A}mandine and {O}oms, {M}. and {L}etko, {M}. and {S}imon, {V}. {A}. and {S}harp, {P}. {M}. and {H}ahn, {B}. {H}. and {D}elaporte, {E}ric and {N}gole, {E}. {M}. and {P}eeters, {M}artine},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{HIV}-1, the cause of {AIDS}, is composed of four phylogenetic lineages, groups {M}, {N}, {O}, and {P}, each of which resulted from an independent cross-species transmission event of simian immunodeficiency viruses ({SIV}s) infecting {A}frican apes. {A}lthough groups {M} and {N} have been traced to geographically distinct chimpanzee communities in southern {C}ameroon, the reservoirs of groups {O} and {P} remain unknown. {H}ere, we screened fecal samples fromwestern lowland (n = 2,611), eastern lowland (n = 103), and mountain (n = 218) gorillas for gorilla {SIV} ({SIV}gor) antibodies and nucleic acids. {D}espite testing wild troops throughout southern {C}ameroon (n = 14), northern {G}abon (n = 16), the {D}emocratic {R}epublic of {C}ongo (n = 2), and {U}ganda (n = 1), {SIV}gor was identified at only four sites in southern {C}ameroon, with prevalences ranging from 0.8-22%. {A}mplification of partial and full-length {SIV}gor sequences revealed extensive genetic diversity, but all {SIV}gor strains were derived from a single lineage within the chimpanzee {SIV} ({SIV}cpz) radiation. {T}wo fully sequenced gorilla viruses from southwestern {C}ameroon were very closely related to, and likely represent the source population of, {HIV}-1 group {P}. {M}ost of the genome of a third {SIV}gor strain, from central {C}ameroon, was very closely related to {HIV}-1 group {O}, again pointing to gorillas as the immediate source. {F}unctional analyses identified the cytidine deaminase {APOBEC}3{G} as a barrier for chimpanzee-to-gorilla, but not gorilla-to-human, virus transmission. {T}hese data indicate that {HIV}-1 group {O}, which spreads epidemically in west central {A}frica and is estimated to have infected around 100,000 people, originated by cross-species transmission from western lowland gorillas.},
  keywords = {{AIDS} ; {HIV}-1 ; gorilla ; {SIV}gor ; zoonotic transmission ; {CAMEROUN} ; {GABON} ; {REPUBLIQUE} {DEMOCRATIQUE} {DU} {CONGO} ; {OUGANDA}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}roceedings of the {N}ational {A}cademy of {S}ciences of the {U}nited {S}tates of {A}merica},
  volume = {112},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {{E}1343--{E}1352},
  ISSN = {0027-8424},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1073/pnas.1502022112},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010064059},
}