@article{fdi:010063955,
  title = {{H}erbal medicine in the {M}arquesas {I}slands},
  author = {{G}irardi, {C}. and {B}utaud, {J}. {F}. and {O}llier, {C}. and {I}ngert, {N}. and {W}eniger, {B}. and {R}aharivelomanana, {P}. and {M}oretti, {C}hristian},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{E}thnopharmacological relevance: {T}his manuscript reports data on medicinal plants used in {M}arquesas {I}slands traditional medicine. {T}he subject is interesting due to the extreme geographical isolation of this archipelago and the scarcity of data on this subject. {T}he hypothesis of the authors was that traditional knowledge in this area should be consequently largely preserved. {T}he usual ethnobotanical collection of use/symptom was completed by an additional quantitative ethnobotany analysis providing two indices: the relative frequency of plant uses for a given affliction ({RF}) and the {I}nformant {C}onsensus {F}actor ({ICF}). {M}aterials and methods: {O}ur ethnopharmacological study was carried out between 2009 and 2012 in several parts of the archipelago by collecting the accurate names of the medicinal plants, their uses, the methods of preparation of the remedies and the associated traditional nosology. {T}wo methods were applied: ex situ focus groups with scientists and local association partners, using fresh plant specimens, dried specimens, and photographs, guided by an outline of simple questions, and in situ semi-structured interviews of informants during walk in the woods or homegarden sampling. {R}esults: 96 plant species were pointed out as medicine for which we collected 1774 use reports; 77 of these species cited by more than 1 informant are listed with their frequency of use. {T}hree species account for one-third of use reports: {C}ocos nucifera (coconut), {G}ardenia taitensis (tiare {T}ahiti) and {M}icrosorum grossum. {N}ative species (either indigenous or endemic) represent only one quarter of all used species. {T}he {P}olynesian introductions (plants introduced during {P}olynesian migrations) represent 42% of the {M}arquesan medicinal plants. {O}n the other hand, one-third are modern introductions, introduced, for most of them, less than 200 years ago. {D}iseases are analyzed according to {M}arquesan concepts. {I}n the present study, a special attention was focused on the descriptions of the local diseases. {T}heir translation in {F}rench was discussed and verified in focus groups involving both scientists and {M}arquesan language specialists from the "{A}cademie des {M}arquises". 40 plant species showed a high frequency of citation for a given affliction ({RF} >20). {D}espite the complex nosology the {ICF} to {M}arquesan traditional illness categories showed generally high {ICF} values, suggesting their strong coherence. {C}onclusions: {A}n overview of the {M}arquesan pharmacopoeia, linked with ethnomedicinal practices, is presented in this paper. {M}arquesan traditional medicine survived until now despite the culture shock faced by the {M}arquesan population switching to numerous introduced plants commonly found in their close environment and easily gathered. {M}arquesan herbal medicine appears to draw its inspiration from a common {P}olynesian root. {H}owever further investigations on {M}arquesan nosologies are necessary to appreciate the originality of the {M}arquesan pharmacopoeia. {F}inally, the crossing of {ICF} and {RF} indices shows that 36 species have at least one significant use (frequencies > 20%) with high {ICF} value ( > 0.5). {T}his suggests that some key phytochemical},
  keywords = {{M}arquesan islands ; {M}edicinal plants ; {T}raditional medicine ; {F}rench {P}olynesia endemism ; {I}nformant {C}onsensus {F}actor ({ICF}) ; {POLYNESIE} {FRANCAISE} ; {MARQUISES} {ILES}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {E}thnopharmacology},
  volume = {161},
  numero = {},
  pages = {200--213},
  ISSN = {0378-8741},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.045},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063955},
}