@article{fdi:010063938,
  title = {{I}mplementation of artificial habitats : inside or outside the marine protected areas ? {I}nsights from a mathematical approach},
  author = {{B}rochier, {T}imoth{\'e}e and {A}uger, {P}ierre and {T}hiam, {N}. and {S}ow, {M}. and {D}iouf, {S}. and {S}loterdijk, {H}. and {B}rehmer, {P}atrice},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}t the world scale, many exploited species are currently threatened or undermined by human activities, particularly fishing. {G}iven this situation, establishing artificial habitats ({AH}s) and marine protected areas ({MPA}s) is seen as away of both conserving biodiversity and managing fishing activities. {AH}s have two main effects: (1) they attract fish from the surrounding areas and concentrate them in the {AH}, and (2) they increase the capacity of the environment, as a result of the installation of new individuals or, in some cases, of new species. {MPA}s decrease fish accessibility by constraining the spatial distribution of the fishing effort. {W}e have developed a system of ordinary differential equations ({ODE}s) that can be used to describe the evolution of fish density, fishing effort, and landings depending on whether {AH}s are deployed in a {MPA} or in a fishing area. {T}he analytical study of the {ODE} system is simplified by means of assuming that processes occur on different time scales. {F}ish reproduction and landings were assumed to occur at a "slow" time scale, whereas, fish displacement was assumed to occur at a "fast" time scale. {F}or both scenarios of {AH}s implementation (in an {MPA} or in a fishing area), we show the existence of different equilibria according to hypotheses based on a purely attractive or purely productive effect of the {AH}. {I}n all cases, the deployment of {AH}s in the fishing area leads to an equilibrium with lower fish biomass and lower fish landings than when {AH}s are deployed within the {MPA}. {T}his suggests that {AH}s should not be fished in order to maximize long term fish productivity and fish landings in the surrounding areas. {I}n addition, we attempt to establish a correspondence between our theoretical results and the management plan for artisanal fisheries on the {S}enegalese coast, which includes the implementation of both {AH}s and {MPA}s. {T}his suggests that there is not enough coordination between the non-governmental organizations deploying the {AH}s and the institutions managing {MPA}s. {I}ndeed, {AH}s are usually either immersed in an {MPA} or subject to local fishing ban, but in fact regulation is inadequate. {I}n this context, the deployment of {AH}s as part of fisheries management would be premature and could have potentially adverse effects on the resource.},
  keywords = {{A}rtificial habitat ; {A}rtificial reef ; {M}arine protected area ; {O}rdinary differential equations ; {ODE} ; {F}ish behavior ; {F}ishery management ; {S}enegal ; {SENEGAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}cological {M}odelling},
  volume = {297},
  numero = {},
  pages = {98--106},
  ISSN = {0304-3800},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.10.034},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063938},
}