@article{fdi:010063602,
  title = {{E}cological effects of natural hazards and human activities on the {E}cuadorian {P}acific coast during the late {H}olocene},
  author = {{L}im, {S}. and {L}edru, {M}arie-{P}ierre and {V}aldez, {F}rancisco and {D}evillers, {B}. and {H}oungnon, {A}. and {F}avier, {C}. and {B}remond, {L}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {L}a {T}olita archeological site is located in the {P}rovince of {E}smeraldas in the northwestern part of {E}cuador at the border with {C}olombia. {T}his area comprises one of the world's wettest coastal regions with mangrove and swamps along the coast and has one of the richest tropical rainforest of the planet, extending inland. {T}oday this region is seriously affected by natural hazards including earthquakes, deposition of thick layers of volcanic ash, tsunamis, and {E}l {N}i (n) over tildeo flooding. {T}he region also hosted one of the most important and famous cultures of the late {H}olocene, the {L}a {T}olita-{T}umaco, which dominated northern {S}outh {A}merica between 2900 and 1100 yr {BP}. {W}ith the aim of characterizing the influence on the environment of the different factors of natural hazards, climate changes, and human activities, we drilled a 4-m long sediment core in a swamp close to the {L}a {T}olita site. {T}he record dates back to 5000 years {BP}. {M}ultiproxy analyses of pollen, microcharcoal, {XRF}-based geochemical data, and geochronology were performed on the sediment to distinguish the different drivers of change. {A}t similar to 3000 yr {BP}, an earthquake dramatically modified the landscape, elevating the ground and changing the course of the rivers. {I}n the following two millennia until 1100 yr {BP}, raised-field agricultural activities dominated the site, providing evidence for an increase in the local population. {H}uman activity progressively declined after 1100 yr {BP}, with the loss of the regional influence of the {T}olita culture. {T}he climate remained permanently moist throughout the sediment record, both the rainforest and the mangrove remained well developed, and marine incursions were short and frequent.},
  keywords = {{P}acific coast ; {R}ainforest ; {E}cuador ; {C}hoco biogeographic region ; {P}ollen ; {H}olocene ; {EQUATEUR} ; {PACIFIQUE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}alaeogeography {P}alaeoclimatology {P}alaeoecology},
  volume = {415},
  numero = {{SI}},
  pages = {197--209},
  ISSN = {0031-0182},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.12.021},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063602},
}