@article{fdi:010063585,
  title = {{T}he timing and spatiotemporal patterning of {N}eanderthal disappearance},
  author = {{H}igham, {T}. and {D}ouka, {K}. and {W}ood, {R}. and {R}amsey, {C}.{B}. and {B}rock, {F}. and {B}asell, {L}. and {C}amps, {M}. and {A}rrizabalaga, {A}. and {B}aena, {J}. and {B}arroso-{R}uiz, {C}. and {B}ergman, {C}. and {B}oitard, {C}. and {B}oscato, {P}. and {C}aparros, {M}. and {C}onard, {N}.{J}. and {D}raily, {C}. and {F}roment, {A}lain and et al.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he timing of {N}eanderthal disappearance and the extent to which they overlapped with the earliest incoming anatomically modern humans ({AMH}s) in {E}urasia are key questions in palaeoanthropology. {D}etermining the spatiotemporal relationship between the two populations is crucial if we are to understand the processes, timing and reasons leading to the disappearance of {N}eanderthals and the likelihood of cultural and genetic exchange. {S}erious technical challenges, however, have hindered reliable dating of the period, as the radiocarbon method reaches its limit at 50,000 years ago. {H}ere we apply improved accelerator mass spectrometry 14{C} techniques to construct robust chronologies from 40 key {M}ousterian and {N}eanderthal archaeological sites, ranging from {R}ussia to {S}pain. {B}ayesian age modelling was used to generate probability distribution functions to determine the latest appearance date. {W}e show that the {M}ousterian ended by 41,030–39,260 calibrated years {BP} (at 95.4% probability) across {E}urope. {W}e also demonstrate that succeeding ‘transitional’ archaeological industries, one of which has been linked with {N}eanderthals ({C}hâtelperronian), end at a similar time. {O}ur data indicate that the disappearance of {N}eanderthals occurred at different times in different regions. {C}omparing the data with results obtained from the earliest dated {AMH} sites in {E}urope, associated with the {U}luzzian technocomplex, allows us to quantify the temporal overlap between the two human groups. {T}he results reveal a significant overlap of 2,600–5,400 years (at 95.4% probability). {T}his has important implications for models seeking to explain the cultural, technological and biological elements involved in the replacement of {N}eanderthals by {AMH}s. {A} mosaic of populations in {E}urope during the {M}iddle to {U}pper {P}alaeolithic transition suggests that there was ample time for the transmission of cultural and symbolic behaviours, as well as possible genetic exchanges, between the two groups.},
  keywords = {{PALEONTOLOGIE} ; {PALEONTOLOGIE} {HUMAINE} ; {ECHANGE} ; {TRANSFERT} {DE} {GENE} ; {ARCHEOLOGIE} ; {PALEOLITHIQUE} ; {SITE} {ARCHEOLOGIQUE} ; {CONTACT} {CULTUREL} ; {EXTINCTION} ; {EUROPE} ; {ASIE} ; {AFRIQUE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{N}ature},
  volume = {512},
  numero = {7514},
  pages = {306–309},
  ISSN = {0028-0836},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1038/nature13621},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063585},
}