@article{fdi:010063112,
  title = {{C}omparative environmental performance of artisanal and commercial feed use in {P}eruvian freshwater aquaculture},
  author = {{A}vadi, {A}. and {P}elletier, {N}. and {A}ubin, {J}. and {R}alite, {S}. and {N}unez {R}odriguez, {J}esus and {F}r{\'e}on, {P}ierre},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}e used {L}ife {C}ycle {A}ssessment ({LCA}) to evaluate some of the environmental implications of using commercial versus artisanal feeds in {P}eruvian freshwater aquaculture of trout ({O}ncorhynchus mykiss), tilapia ({O}reochromis spp.) and black pacu ({C}olossoma macropomum). {S}everal scenarios believed to be representative of current {P}eruvian aquaculture practices were modelled, namely: production of trout in {A}ndean lake cages; and culture of black pacu and tilapia in {A}mazonian and coastal lowland ponds, respectively. {I}n general, {P}eruvian aquaculture is characterised by low technological intensity practices. {U}se of commercial aquafeeds is widespread, but artisanal feeds are frequently used in certain small-scale farms. {W}e found that trout feeds feature higher environmental burdens than do black pacu and tilapia feeds. {A} similar trend is observed for production of these species. {A}cross species, the substitution of artisanal with commercial feeds, despite improving feed conversion ratios in all cases, does not always reduce overall environmental impacts. {T}his is due to the additional energy use and transportation requirements associated with commercial feed inputs. {T}he substitution of artisanal feeds with commercial ones generally increases environmental impacts of the fish farming systems for the specific feeds considered, despite enhanced {FCR}s and economies of scale. {T}his is due to the higher environmental impacts associated to certain feed inputs used in commercial feeds, in particular highly refined feed inputs. {C}onsequently, in light of the importance of feeds to overall life cycle impacts of aquaculture production, the {P}eruvian aquafeed industry should preferentially source less refined and, in general, less environmentally burdened feed inputs (e. g. {B}olivian soybean products over {B}razilian, high quality over lower quality fishmeal, avoiding protein concentrates, etc.), to the extent that fish farming performance (i.e. feed conversion efficiency and cost structure) is not strongly affected. {A}mong species, black pacu aquaculture shows the best environmental performance.},
  keywords = {{A}quafeed ; {B}lack pacu ; {E}nvironmental impact assessment ; {P}eru ; {T}rout ; {T}ilapia ; {PEROU}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}quaculture},
  volume = {435},
  numero = {},
  pages = {52--66},
  ISSN = {0044-8486},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.08.001},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063112},
}