@article{fdi:010063108,
  title = {{U}nravelling human trypanotolerance : {IL}8 is associated with infection control whereas {IL}10 and {TNF} alpha are associated with subsequent disease development},
  author = {{I}lboudo, {H}. and {B}ras {G}oncalves, {R}achel and {C}amara, {M}. and {F}lori, {L}. and {C}amara, {O}. and {S}akande, {H}. and {L}eno, {M}. and {P}etitdidier, {E}lodie and {J}amonneau, {V}incent and {B}ucheton, {B}runo},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n {W}est {A}frica, {T}rypanosoma brucei gambiense, causing human {A}frican trypanosomiasis ({HAT}), is associated with a great diversity of infection outcomes. {I}n addition to patients who can be diagnosed in the early hemolymphatic phase (stage 1) or meningoencephalitic phase (stage 2), a number of individuals can mount long-lasting specific serological responses while the results of microscopic investigations are negative ({SERO} {TL}+). {E}vidence is now increasing to indicate that these are asymptomatic subjects with low-grade parasitemia. {T}he goal of our study was to investigate the type of immune response occurring in these "trypanotolerant' subjects. {C}ytokines levels were measured in healthy endemic controls (n = 40), stage 1 (n = 10), early stage 2 (n = 19), and late stage 2 patients (n = 23) and in a cohort of {SERO} {TL}+ individuals (n = 60) who were followed up for two years to assess the evolution of their parasitological and serological status. {I}n contrast to {HAT} patients which {T}-cell responses appeared to be activated with increased levels of {IL}2, {IL}4, and {IL}10, {SERO} {TL}+ exhibited high levels of proinflammatory cytokines ({IL}6, {IL}8 and {TNF} alpha) and an almost absence of {IL}12p70. {I}n {SERO} {TL}+, high levels of {IL}10 and low levels of {TNF} alpha were associated with an increased risk of developing {HAT} whereas high levels of {IL}8 predicted that serology would become negative. {F}urther studies using high throughput technologies, hopefully will provide a more detailed view of the critical molecules or pathways underlying the trypanotolerant phenotype.},
  keywords = {{GUINEE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {P}athogens},
  volume = {10},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {e1004469 [11 p.]},
  ISSN = {1553-7366},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1004469},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010063108},
}