@article{fdi:010062993,
  title = {{R}apid changes in the gut microbiome during human evolution},
  author = {{M}oeller, {A}. {H}. and {L}i, {Y}. {Y}. and {N}gole, {E}. {M}. and {A}huka-{M}undeke, {S}. and {L}onsdorf, {E}. {V}. and {P}usey, {A}. {E}. and {P}eeters, {M}artine and {H}ahn, {B}. {H}. and {O}chman, {H}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{H}umans are ecosystems containing trillions of microorganisms, but the evolutionary history of this microbiome is obscured by a lack of knowledge about microbiomes of {A}frican apes. {W}e sequenced the gut communities of hundreds of chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas and developed a phylogenetic approach to reconstruct how present-day human microbiomes have diverged from those of ancestral populations. {C}ompositional change in the microbiome was slow and clock-like during {A}frican ape diversification, but human microbiomes have deviated from the ancestral state at an accelerated rate. {R}elative to the microbiomes of wild apes, human microbiomes have lost ancestral microbial diversity while becoming specialized for animal-based diets. {I}ndividual wild apes cultivate more phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species of bacteria than do individual humans across a range of societies. {T}hese results indicate that humanity has experienced a depletion of the gut flora since diverging from {P}an.},
  keywords = {microbiota ; gastrointestinal tract ; coevolution ; {P}an ; {G}orilla},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}roceedings of the {N}ational {A}cademy of {S}ciences of the {U}nited {S}tates of {A}merica},
  volume = {111},
  numero = {46},
  pages = {16431--16435},
  ISSN = {0027-8424},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1073/pnas.1419136111},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010062993},
}