@article{fdi:010062662,
  title = {{O}n the temporal memory of coastal upwelling off {NW} {A}frica},
  author = {{B}enazzouz, {A}. and {P}elegri, {J}. {L}. and {D}emarcq, {H}erv{\'e} and {M}achin, {F}. and {M}ason, {E}. and {O}rbi, {A}. and {P}ena-{I}zquierdo, {J}. and {S}oumia, {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}e use a combination of satellite, in situ, and numerical data to provide a comprehensive view of the seasonal coastal upwelling cycle off {NW} {A}frica in terms of both wind forcing and sea surface temperature ({SST}) response. {W}ind forcing is expressed in terms of both instantaneous (local) and time-integrated (nonlocal) indices, and the ocean response is expressed as the {SST} difference between coastal and offshore waters. {T}he classical local index, the cross-shore {E}kman transport, reproduces reasonably well the time-latitude distribution of {SST} differences but with significant time lags at latitudes higher than {C}ape {B}lanc. {T}wo nonlocal indices are examined. {O}ne of them, a cumulative index calculated as the backward averaged {E}kman transport that provides the highest correlation with {SST} differences, reproduces well the timing of the {SST} differences at all latitudes (except near {C}ape {B}lanc). {T}he corresponding time lags are close to zero south of {C}ape {B}lanc and range between 2 and 4 months at latitudes between {C}ape {B}lanc and the southern {G}ulf of {C}adiz. {T}he results are interpreted based on calculations of spatial and temporal auto and cross correlations for wind forcing and {SST} differences. {A}t temporal scales of 2-3 weeks, the alongshore advection of alongshore momentum compensates for interfacial friction, allowing the upwelling jet and associated frontal system to remain active. {W}e conclude that the coastal jet plays a key role in maintaining the structure of coastal upwelling, even at times of relaxed winds, by introducing a seasonal memory to the system in accordance with the atmospheric-forcing annual cycle.},
  keywords = {{NW} {A}frica ; coastal upwelling ; {E}kman transport ; {SST} difference ; temporal memory ; {ATLANTIQUE} {NORD} {EST}, {CAP} {VERT} ; {CANARIES} {ILES} ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{OUEST} ; {AFRIQUE} {DU} {NORD} ; {MAROC} ; {GIBRALTAR} ; {CADIX} {GOLFE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}eophysical {R}esearch : {O}ceans},
  volume = {119},
  numero = {9},
  pages = {6356--6380},
  ISSN = {2169-9275},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1002/2013jc009559},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010062662},
}