@article{fdi:010062544,
  title = {{D}iscriminating micropathogen lineages and their reticulate evolution through graph theory-based network analysis : the case of {T}rypanosoma cruzi, the agent of {C}hagas disease},
  author = {{A}rnaud-{H}aond, {S}. and {M}oalic, {Y}. and {B}arnab{\'e}, {C}hristian and {A}yala, {F}. {J}. and {T}ibayrenc, {M}ichel},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{M}icropathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasitic protozoa) share a common trait, which is partial clonality, with wide variance in the respective influence of clonality and sexual recombination on the dynamics and evolution of taxa. {T}he discrimination of distinct lineages and the reconstruction of their phylogenetic history are key information to infer their biomedical properties. {H}owever, the phylogenetic picture is often clouded by occasional events of recombination across divergent lineages, limiting the relevance of classical phylogenetic analysis and dichotomic trees. {W}e have applied a network analysis based on graph theory to illustrate the relationships among genotypes of {T}rypanosoma cruzi, the parasitic protozoan responsible for {C}hagas disease, to identify major lineages and to unravel their past history of divergence and possible recombination events. {A}t the scale of {T}. cruzi subspecific diversity, graph theory-based networks applied to 22 isoenzyme loci (262 distinct {M}ulti-{L}ocus-{E}nzyme-{E}lectrophoresis -{MLEE}) and 19 microsatellite loci (66 {M}ulti-{L}ocus-{G}enotypes -{MLG}) fully confirms the high clustering of genotypes into major lineages or "near-clades'. {T}he release of the dichotomic constraint associated with phylogenetic reconstruction usually applied to {M}ultilocus data allows identifying putative hybrids and their parental lineages. {R}eticulate topology suggests a slightly different history for some of the main "near-clades', and a possibly more complex origin for the putative hybrids than hitherto proposed. {F}inally the sub-network of the near-clade {T}. cruzi {I} (28 {MLG}) shows a clustering subdivision into three differentiated lesser near-clades ("{R}ussian doll pattern'), which confirms the hypothesis recently proposed by other investigators. {T}he present study broadens and clarifies the hypotheses previously obtained from classical markers on the same sets of data, which demonstrates the added value of this approach. {T}his underlines the potential of graph theory-based network analysis for describing the nature and relationships of major pathogens, thereby opening stimulating prospects to unravel the organization, dynamics and history of major micropathogen lineages.},
  keywords = {{AMERIQUE} {LATINE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}los {O}ne},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {e103213},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0103213},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010062544},
}