@article{fdi:010062538,
  title = {{R}elations between electrical resistivity, carbon dioxide flux, and self-potential in the shallow hydrothermal system of {S}olfatara ({P}hlegrean {F}ields, {I}taly)},
  author = {{B}yrdina, {S}vetlana and {V}andemeulebrouck, {J}. and {C}ardellini, {C}. and {L}egaz, {A}. and {C}amerlynck, {C}. and {C}hiodini, {G}. and {L}ebourg, {T}. and {G}resse, {M}. and {B}ascou, {P}. and {M}otos, {G}. and {C}arrier, {A}. and {C}aliro, {S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}e present the results of an electric resistivity tomography ({ERT}) survey, combined with mappings of diffuse carbon dioxide flux, ground temperature and self-potential ({SP}) at {S}olfatara, the most active crater of {P}hlegrean {F}ields. {S}olfatara is characterized by an intense carbon dioxide degassing, fumarole activity, and ground deformation. {T}his ensemble of methods is applied to image the hydrothermal system of {S}olfatara, to understand the geometry of the fluid circulation, and to define the extension of the hydrothermal plume at a high enough resolution for a quantitative modeling. {ERT} inversion results show {S}olfatara as a globally conductive structure, with resistivity in the range 1-2000 {O}mega m. {B}road negative anomaly of self-potential in the inner part of {S}olfatara with a minimum in the area of {B}occa {G}rande suggests a significant downward flow of condensing liquid water. {C}omparison between spatial variations of resistivity and gas flux indicates that resistivity changes at depth are related to gas saturation and fluid temperature. {T}hese variations delineate two plume structures: a liquid-dominated conductive plume below {F}angaia mud-pool and a gas-dominated plume below {B}occa {G}rande fumarole. {T}he geometry of the {F}angaia liquid-saturated plume is also imaged by a high resolution 3-{D} resistivity model. {I}n order to estimate the permeability, we propose a 2-{D} axis-symmetric numerical model coupling {R}ichards equation for fluid flow in conditions of partial saturation with the resistivity calculation as function of saturation only. {A}lternatively, we apply the {D}upuit equation to estimate the permeability of the shallow layer. {U}sing these two approaches we obtain the permeability of the shallow layer below {F}angaia which ranges between (2-4) x 10(-14) m(2).},
  keywords = {{H}ydrothermal system ; {C}arbon dioxide flux ; {G}as saturation ; {S}olfatara ; {P}hlegrean {F}ields ; {ITALIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {V}olcanology and {G}eothermal {R}esearch},
  volume = {283},
  numero = {},
  pages = {172--182},
  ISSN = {0377-0273},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.07.010},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010062538},
}