@article{fdi:010062360,
  title = {{A} case study of risk factors for lymphatic filariasis in the {R}epublic of {C}ongo},
  author = {{C}hesnais, {C}. {B}. and {M}issamou, {F}. and {P}ion, {S}{\'e}bastien and {B}opda, {J}. and {L}ouya, {F}. and {M}ajewski, {A}. {C}. and {F}ischer, {P}. {U}. and {W}eil, {G}. {J}. and {B}oussinesq, {M}ichel},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {L}ittle is known regarding risk factors for lymphatic filariasis ({LF}) in {C}entral {A}frica. {W}e studied the epidemiology of {LF} in an endemic village in the {R}epublic of {C}ongo. {M}ethods: {D}ependent variables were {W}uchereria bancrofti antigenemia ({ICT} card test) and microfilaremia (night blood smears). {T}he following factors were investigated: sex, age, bed net, latrines, source of water, uptake of anthelmintic drugs, hunting/fishing activities, and occasionally sleeping in the bush. {M}ixed multivariate logistic regression models were used. {R}esults: 134 of 774 subjects aged >= 5 years (17.3%) had {W}. bancrofti antigenemia and 41 (5.3%) had microfilaremia (mf). {I}nfection rates increased with age up to roughly 20 years and remained stable thereafter. {M}ultivariate analysis of antigenemia demonstrated an increased risk for males ({OR} = 2.0 [1.3-3.0]) and for people who hunt or fish ({OR} = 1.5 [1.0-2.4]) and a protective effect of latrines ({OR} = 0.5 [0.4-0.8]). {A}mong males, those hunting or fishing at night had an increased risk for antigenemia ({OR} = 1.9 [1.1-3.5]), and use of latrines was protective ({OR} = 0.5 [0.3-0.9]). {F}or females, bed nets were protective ({OR} = 0.4 [0.1-0.9]), and there was a strong household effect (intraclass correlation coefficient [{ICC}]: 0.24). {W}hen mf was used as the dependent variable, males had a higher risk for infection ({OR} = 5.4 [2.1-13.4]), latrines had a protective effect ({OR} = 0.4 [0.1-0.9]) and there was a marked household effect ({ICC} = 0.49). {C}onclusions: {A}ge, sex, and occupation-dependent exposure to mosquitoes were important risk factors for infection with {W}. bancrofti in this study. {I}t is likely that men often acquire infection in high transmission areas outside of the village, while children and women are infected in areas with lower transmission inside or near the village. {A}dditional studies are needed to determine whether these findings apply to other areas in {C}entral {A}frica.},
  keywords = {{A}frica ; {C}ongo ; {F}ilariasis ; {E}pidemiology ; {R}isk factors ; {B}ed nets ; {C}ommunity study ; {L}ymphatic filariasis ; {CONGO}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}arasites and {V}ectors},
  volume = {7},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. 300},
  ISSN = {1756-3305},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1186/1756-3305-7-300},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010062360},
}