Incidence of malaria-related fever and morbidity due to Plasmodium falciparum among HIV1-infected pregnant women : a prospective cohort study in South Benin

2014

Article référencé dans le Web of Science WOS:000338894100002

Duvignaud A., Denoeud Lise, Akakpo J., Agossou K. V., Afangnihoun A., Komongui D. G., Atadokpede F., Dossou-Gbete L., Girard P. M., Zannou D. M., Cot Michel

Malaria Journal, 2014, 13, p. art. 255 ISSN 1475-2875

Background: Malaria and HIV are two major causes of morbidity and mortality among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Foetal and neonatal outcomes of this co-infection have been extensively studied. However, little is known about maternal morbidity due to clinical malaria in pregnancy, especially malaria-related fever, in the era of generalized access to antiretroviral therapy and anti-malarial preventive strategies. Methods: A cohort study was conducted in order to estimate the incidence rate and to determine the factors associated with malaria-related fever, as well as the maternal morbidity attributable to malaria in a high-transmission setting of South Benin among HIV-infected pregnant women. Four-hundred and thirty-two women who participated in a randomized trial testing strategies to prevent malaria in pregnancy were included and followed until delivery, with at least three scheduled visits during pregnancy. Confirmed malaria-related fever was defined as axillary temperature >37.5 degrees C and a concomitant, positive, thick blood smear or rapid diagnostic test for Plasmodium falciparum. Suspected malaria-related fever was defined as an axillary temperature >37.5 degrees C and the concomitant administration of an anti-malarial treatment in the absence of parasitological investigation. Results: Incidence rate for confirmed malaria-related fever was of 127.9 per 1,000 person-year (PY) (95% confidence interval (CI): 77.4-211.2). In multivariate analysis, CD4 lymphocytes (Relative Risk (RR) for a 50 cells/mm(3) variation = 0.82; CI: 0.71-0.96), antiretroviral treatment started before inclusion (RR = 0.34; CI: 0.12-0.98) and history of symptomatic malaria in early pregnancy (RR = 7.10; CI: 2.35-22.49) were associated with the incidence of confirmed or suspected malaria-related fever. More than a half of participants with parasitaemia were symptomatic, with fever being the most common symptom. The crude fraction of febrile episodes attributable to malaria was estimated at 91%. Conclusions: This work highlights that malaria is responsible for a substantial morbidity in HIV-infected pregnant women, with cellular immunodepression as a major determinant, and establishes the possible advantage offered by the early initiation of antiretroviral treatment.

Santé : généralités [050] ; Entomologie médicale / Parasitologie / Virologie [052]

BENIN

Fonds IRD [F B010062350]

fdi:010062350